ArticleScientific reports2016
The Hha-TomB Toxin-Antitoxin System Shows Conditional Toxicity and Promotes Persister Cell Formation by Inhibiting Apoptosis-Like Death in S. Typhimurium.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic profiling ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- YmoA functions as a molecular stress sensor in Yersinia.Communications biology · 2025Article
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- Methods for detecting and monitoring Salmonella infection and chronic carriage in living mice using bioluminescent in vivo imaging.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.Toxins · 2023Review
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Novel insights on toxin activation across populations and experimental shortcomings.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Review
- Comparison of the genetic basis of biofilm formation betweenMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Contribution of the Predicted Toxin-Antitoxin System HigBA to Persistence, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Burkholderia pseudomallei.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- The Hha-TomB toxin-antitoxin module in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium limits its intracellular survival profile and regulates host immune response.Cell biology and toxicology · 2022Article
- AntisenseNew microbes and new infections · 2021Article
- Role of OB-Fold Protein YdeI in Stress Response and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- A Quantitative Survey of Bacterial Persistence in the Presence of Antibiotics: Towards Antipersister Antimicrobial Discovery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- Persister Cells - a Plausible Outcome of Neutral Coevolutionary Drift.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- TheFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are two component "addictive" genetic elements found on either plasmid or bacterial chromosome, sometimes on both. TA systems perform a wide range of functions like biofilm formation, persistence, programmed cell death, phage abortive infection etc. Salmonella has been reported to contain several such TA systems. However, the hemolysin expression modulating protein (Hha) and its adjacent uncharacterized hypothetical protein TomB (previously known as YbaJ), have not been listed as a TA module in Salmonella. In this study we established that Hha and TomB form a bonafide TA system where Hha serves as a toxin while TomB functions as an antitoxin. Interestingly, the toxicity of Hha was conditional causing cell death under acid stress. The antitoxin attenuated the toxicity of Hha by forming a TA complex through stable interactions. The Hha-TomB TA system was found to increase persistence and inhibit programmed cell death under antibiotic stress where a phenotypically diverse population expressing differential level of TA components was observed. Therefore we propose that Hha and TomB prevent cells from committing suicide thereby promoting persister cell formation.
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