SynthesisScientific reports2016
J-curve relation between daytime nap duration and type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome: A dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep features and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Relationship between daytime napping with the occurrence and development of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the associations between prenatal sleep behaviours and components of energy balance for regulating weight gain.Journal of sleep research · 2023Pooled it
- Ovulation induction drug and ovarian cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2023Pooled it
- Napping and cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Daytime napping and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2018Pooled it
- Sleep behaviours and associated habits and the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Effects of optimal timed automatic awakening from a short daytime nap on cognitive performance, alertness, and fatigue.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal Association of Sleep Duration with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-aged and Older Chinese.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Combined nocturnal sleep pattern and napping duration in relation to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk and prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Longer napping duration and snoring are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Multiple Health Outcomes of Daytime Napping: A Comprehensive Umbrella Review.Public health reviews · 2026Review
- Associations between sleep patterns and diabetic retinopathy: insights from cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- The influence of socioeconomic disparities on the association of physical behavior with incident type 2 diabetes.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Napping Habit and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: Does It Matter if It Is Sunday?Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Sleep duration, daytime napping and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome vary by age and sex: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Daytime Napping in Adults: Benefits or Risks? Insights from Mendelian Randomization Studies.Current sleep medicine reports · 2025Article
- The association between post-lunch napping duration and social participation among the Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Napping and Obesity in Adults - What do we Know?Current diabetes reports · 2024Review
- The mediating effect of sleep duration on metabolic syndrome severity in adults: a structural equation modeling approach.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adequate sleep is important for good health, but it is not always easy to achieve because of social factors. Daytime napping is widely prevalent around the world. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between napping (or excessive daytime sleepiness: EDS) and the risk of type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and to quantify the potential dose-response relation using cubic spline models. Electronic databases were searched for articles published up to 2016, with 288,883 Asian and Western subjects. Pooled analysis revealed that a long nap (≥60 min/day) and EDS were each significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes versus no nap or no EDS (odds ratio 1.46 (95% CI 1.23-1.74, p < 0.01) for a long nap and 2.00 (1.58-2.53) for EDS). In contrast, a short nap (<60 min/day) was not associated with diabetes (p = 0.75). Dose-response meta-analysis showed a J-curve relation between nap time and the risk of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, with no effect of napping up to about 40 minutes/day, followed by a sharp increase in risk at longer nap times. In summary, longer napping is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefit of a short nap.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.