ArticleNature plants2016
Genetic architecture and evolution of the S locus supergene in Primula vulgaris.
Article in Nature plants, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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77 citing papers in PubMed.
- What has population genomics told us about the dynamics of selection and plant adaptation?Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Distinct genomic architectures but the same gene underlie the convergent evolution of a plant supergene.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ancient but dynamic: structural expansion, massive gene duplication, and transposable element colonization in a supergene controlling ant social organization.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Recombination suppression in plant adaptation and speciation.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Genome Assemblies of the Daisy Gorteria diffusa Elucidate the Molecular-Genomic Basis of Pollination by Sexual Deception.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Sexes Are Polymorphisms: Describing and Understanding Sexual Diversity as Phenotypic Variation.Integrative and comparative biology · 2026Review
- Genomic architecture and evolution of heterostyly: new insights from Cordia subcordata (Boraginaceae).Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Phylogeny and comparative chloroplast genomics reveal a rare new short-styled homostylous species ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Distinct haplotypes and reversed dominance at a single-gene balanced polymorphism controlling heterodichogamy in two genera of wingnuts.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Functional genetic elements of a butterfly mimicry supergene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Self-sterility, self-incompatibility and xenia: a review of the mechanisms of cross-pollination benefits in animal-pollinated crops.Annals of botany · 2025Review
- Genomic studies in Linum shed light on the evolution of the distyly supergene and the molecular basis of convergent floral evolution.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- S-RNase-based self-incompatibility in angiosperms: Degradation, condensation, and evolution.Plant physiology · 2025Review
- Heterostylous plants in an era of global change: a review on the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation.AoB PLANTS · 2025Review
- Genomic Patterns of Loss of Distyly and Polyploidization in Primroses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The Genomic Basis of the Tristylous Floral Polymorphism: Evidence for a Role of Gene Duplications in a Region of Restricted Recombination.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- PSIA: A Comprehensive Knowledgebase of Plant Self-incompatibility.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Floral organ development combined with pistil transcriptome analysis reveals the role of plant hormone signal transduction in the distyly of Primula vulgaris.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation of self-incompatibility in flowering plants: implications for crop improvement and evolutionary biology.Plant molecular biology · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
Darwin's studies on heterostyly in Primula described two floral morphs, pin and thrum, with reciprocal anther and stigma heights that promote insect-mediated cross-pollination. This key innovation evolved independently in several angiosperm families. Subsequent studies on heterostyly in Primula contributed to the foundation of modern genetic theory and the neo-Darwinian synthesis. The established genetic model for Primula heterostyly involves a diallelic S locus comprising several genes, with rare recombination events that result in self-fertile homostyle flowers with anthers and stigma at the same height. Here we reveal the S locus supergene as a tightly linked cluster of thrum-specific genes that are absent in pins. We show that thrums are hemizygous not heterozygous for the S locus, which suggests that homostyles do not arise by recombination between S locus haplotypes as previously proposed. Duplication of a floral homeotic gene 51.7 million years (Myr) ago, followed by its neofunctionalization, created the current S locus assemblage which led to floral heteromorphy in Primula. Our findings provide new insights into the structure, function and evolution of this archetypal supergene.
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