ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Vaccinia Virus Protein C6 Inhibits Type I IFN Signalling in the Nucleus and Binds to the Transactivation Domain of STAT2.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- An integrated review of monkeypox: from pathogen and epidemiology to diagnostics, control, and challenges.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Review
- Review
- Mpox virus D8L protein binds to STAT1 and inhibits its phosphorylation to antagonize IFN-induced signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Lumpy skin disease virus protein LSDV122 impairs IFN-I receptor complex formation to evade host innate immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Mpox virus poxin-schlafen fusion protein suppresses innate antiviral response by sequestering STAT2.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Article
- Lumpy skin disease virus 001/156 protein is a virulence factor that suppresses interferon production through impairing IRF3 dimerization.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The monkeypox virus-host interplays.Cell insight · 2024Review
- Expression analysis and mapping of Viral-Host Protein interactions of Poxviridae suggests a lead candidate molecule targeting Mpox.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HDAC5 enhances IRF3 activation and is targeted for degradation by protein C6 from orthopoxviruses including Monkeypox virus and Variola virus.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Filamin B restricts vaccinia virus spread and is targeted by vaccinia virus protein C4.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Viral evasion of the interferon response at a glance.Journal of cell science · 2023Review
- African Swine Fever Virus MGF505-7R Interacts with Interferon Regulatory Factor 9 to Evade the Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway and Promote Viral Replication.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary potential of the monkeypox genome arising from interactions with human APOBEC3 enzymes.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is a crucial innate immune signalling pathway required for defense against viral infection. Accordingly, the great majority of mammalian viruses possess means to inhibit this important host immune response. Here we show that vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve protein C6, is a dual function protein that inhibits the cellular response to type I IFNs in addition to its published function as an inhibitor of IRF-3 activation, thereby restricting type I IFN production from infected cells. Ectopic expression of C6 inhibits the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to IFNα treatment at both the mRNA and protein level. C6 inhibits the IFNα-induced Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway at a late stage, downstream of STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and binding of the interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex to the interferon stimulated response element (ISRE). Mechanistically, C6 associates with the transactivation domain of STAT2 and this might explain how C6 inhibits the type I IFN signalling very late in the pathway. During virus infection C6 reduces ISRE-dependent gene expression despite the presence of the viral protein phosphatase VH1 that dephosphorylates STAT1 and STAT2. The ability of a cytoplasmic replicating virus to dampen the immune response within the nucleus, and the ability of viral immunomodulators such as C6 to inhibit multiple stages of the innate immune response by distinct mechanisms, emphasizes the intricacies of host-pathogen interactions and viral immune evasion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.