ArticlePloS one2016
Immune Activation and Bacterial Translocation: A Link between Impaired Immune Recovery and Frequent Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapses in HIV-Infected Patients.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concomitant use of anti-leishmanial therapy and antibacterial prophylaxis reduces plasma LPS levels and improves several aspects of experimental Leishmania infantum infection in golden hamsters.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Insights to the HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis clinical outcome: lessons learned about immune mediated disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Navigating Diagnosis and Treatment Dilemmas in Visceral Leishmaniasis Reactivation in a HIV-Positive Patient.Cureus · 2024Article
- Low Plasma Lipids Are Associated with Relapsing and Lethal Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Persistent T cell unresponsiveness associated with chronic visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The spleen is the graveyard of CD4+ cells in patients with immunological failure of visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Immune response to viscerotropicFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Occurrence and Molecular Characterization ofViruses · 2023Article
- High levels of anti-Leishmania IgG3 and low CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Case Report:Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Impaired Thymic Output Can Be Related to the Low Immune Reconstitution and T Cell Repertoire Disturbances in Relapsing Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated HIV/AIDS Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection: current perspectives.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
- Immunomodulatory Therapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Coinfected Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The maintenance of chronic immune activation due to leishmaniasis or even due to microbial translocation is associated with immunosenescence and may contribute to frequent relapses. Our aim was to investigate whether patients with HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis (VL/HIV) who experience a single episode of VL have different immunological behaviors in comparison to those who experience frequent relapses. VL/HIV patients were allocated to non-relapsing (NR, n = 6) and relapsing (R, n = 11) groups and were followed from the active phase of VL up to 12 months post-treatment (mpt). The patients were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and secondary prophylaxis after VL therapy. During active VL, the two groups were similar in all immunological parameters, including the parasite load. At 6 and 12 mpt, the NR group showed a significant gain of CD4+ T cells, a reduction of lymphocyte activation, and lower soluble CD14 and anti-Leishmania IgG3 levels compared to the R group. The viral load remained low, without correlation with the activation. The two groups showed elevated but similar percentages of senescent T cells. These findings suggest a decreased ability of the R group to downmodulate immune activation compared to the NR group. Such functional impairment of the effector response may be a useful indicator for predicting clinical prognosis and recommending starting or stopping secondary prophylaxis.
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