ArticlePloS one2016
Gray Matter Hypoxia in the Brain of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Optical coherence tomography angiography reveals insights into complementary vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Hypoxic Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A Hypoxia-Inflammation Cycle and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Current treatment options in neurology · 2025Review
- The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Cerebellar pathology in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: current status and future directions.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2023Review
- Regional contribution of vascular dysfunction in white matter dementia: clinical and neuropathological insights.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Non-invasive Detection of Persistent Cortical Hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis Using Frequency Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fdNIRS).Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Oligodendrocyte-Specific Deletion ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis; is it the chicken or the egg?Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Review
- Multiple Roles of Peripheral Immune System in Modulating Ischemia/Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Retinal Oxygen Metabolism and Haemodynamics in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and History of Optic Neuritis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Mitigates Structural and Functional Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Chronic mild hypoxia accelerates recovery from preexisting EAE by enhancing vascular integrity and apoptosis of infiltrated monocytes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Multiple sclerosis disease progression: Contributions from a hypoxia-inflammation cycle.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2019Article
- Enhanced glycolytic metabolism supports transmigration of brain-infiltrating macrophages in multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Expanding the Potential Therapeutic Options for Remote Ischemic Preconditioning: Use in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) has a significant inflammatory component and may have significant gray matter (GM) pathophysiology. Brain oxygenation is a sensitive measurement of the balance between metabolic need and oxygen delivery. There is evidence that inflammation and hypoxia are interdependent. In this paper, we applied novel, implanted PO2 sensors to measure hypoxia in cortical and cerebellar GM, in an inflammation-induced mouse model of MS.
objectiveQuantify oxygenation in cortical and cerebellar GM in the awake, unrestrained experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model and to relate the results to symptom level and disease time-course.
methodsC57BL/6 mice were implanted with a fiber-optic sensor in the cerebellum (n = 13) and cortex (n = 24). Animals were induced with stimulation of the immune response and sensitization to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Controls did not have MOG. We measured PO2 in awake, unrestrained animals from pre-induction (baseline) up to 36 days post-induction for EAE and controls.
resultsThere were more days with hypoxia than hyperoxia (cerebellum: 34/67 vs. 18/67 days; cortex: 85/112 vs. 22/112) compared to time-matched controls. The average decline in PO2 on days that were significantly lower than time-matched controls was -8.8±6.0 mmHg (mean ± SD) for the cerebellum and -8.0±4.6 for the cortex. Conversely, the average increase in PO2 on days that were significantly hyperoxic was +3.2±2.8 mmHg (mean ± SD) for the cerebellum and +0.8±2.1 for the cortex. Cortical hypoxia related to increased behavioral deficits. Evidence for hypoxia occurred before measurable behavioral deficits.
conclusionsA highly inflammatory condition primed to a white matter (WM) autoimmune response correlates with significant hypoxia and increased variation in oxygenation in GM of both cerebellum and cortex in the mouse EAE model of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.