ReviewCirculation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society2016
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction - Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Therapy.
Review in Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of microvascular angina among patients with stable symptoms in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a systematic review.Cardiovascular research · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking, alcohol and opioids effect on coronary microcirculation: an update overview.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of non-invasive imaging parameters in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review.BMC medical imaging · 2021Pooled it
- Women's IschemiA TRial to Reduce Events In Non-ObstRuctive CAD (WARRIOR): a randomised controlled trial.Open heart · 2026Trial
- Autologous CD34+ Stem Cell Therapy Increases Coronary Flow Reserve and Reduces Angina in Patients With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions · 2022Trial
- The impact of mildly elevated HbA1c level, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin on microvascular angina.Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Dual perfusion imaging with integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease: a study on myocardial perfusion imaging and T1 mapping.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Role of S1P- and Rho-kinase signalling in age-related myogenic tone deficiency in murine resistance arteries.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Coronary artery volume to left ventricular myocardial mass ratio in detecting primary microvascular angina: a retrospective observational study in Chinese population.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Refractory angina in women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease - A report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Association of heparin-binding protein with risk of in-hospital heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Associations Between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence monitoring as a potential tool for the microvascular and mitochondrial function assessment in heart failure.Cardiology journal · 2025Article
- Obesity: the perfect storm for heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2024Review
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction and atrial reservoir function.Cardiovascular ultrasound · 2024Article
- Microvascular vasoregulatory dysfunction in African Americans - An enhanced opportunity for early prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Angina has traditionally been thought to be caused by obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, a substantial number of patients with angina are found to not have obstructive CAD when undergoing coronary angiography. A significant proportion of these patients have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), characterized by heightened sensitivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli and limited microvascular vasodilator capacity. With the advent of non-invasive and invasive techniques, the coronary microvasculature has been more extensively studied in the past 2 decades. CMD has been identified as a cause of cardiac ischemia, in addition to traditional atherosclerotic disease and vasospastic disease. CMD can occur alone or in the presence obstructive CAD. CMD shares many similar risk factors with macrovascular CAD. Diagnosis is achieved through detection of an attenuated response of coronary blood flow in response to vasodilatory agents. Imaging modalities such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography have become more widely used, but have not yet completely replaced the traditional intracoronary vasoreactivity testing. Treatment of CMD starts with lifestyle modification and risk factor control. The use of traditional antianginal, antiatherosclerotic medications and some novel agents may be beneficial; however, clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities. In addition, studies with longer-term follow-up are needed to determine the prognostic benefits of these agents. We review the epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors and current therapies for CMD.
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