ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2016
Beyond a single pathway: combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Combination Therapy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor on Clinical Outcome and Pulmonary Haemodynamics in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Long-Term Treatment with Single-Tablet Combination of Macitentan and Tadalafil in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results from A DUE and Its Open-Label Period.Advances in therapy · 2026Trial
- Ralinepag Phase II Open-Label Extension Study in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Advances in therapy · 2024Trial
- Safety of nintedanib added to pirfenidone treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.The European respiratory journal · 2018Trial
- Clinical Practice of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) and Potential Barriers to Intensive Treatment Among PAH-Specialized and Non-PAH-Specialized Centers in Japan.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- CTRP7 as a molecular biomarker associating with responsiveness to pulmonary vasodilators: insights from human and animal studies in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants.Cardiology in the young · 2025Article
- Tocilizumab plus Nintedanib for progressive interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a one-year observational study.Rheumatology international · 2024Observational
- An emerging class of new therapeutics targeting TGF, Activin, and BMP ligands in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2023Review
- Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of class I pulmonary arterial hypertension.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Left Heart Disease Phenotype in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Insights from the Italian PATRIARCA Registry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association Between Copayment and Adherence to Medications for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Management in Asia: State of the Art From Japan, and Next Steps.JACC. Asia · 2022Article
- Safety and tolerability of combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: Real-world experience.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Observational
- Comparison of Healthcare Encounters and Drug Persistence in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Oral Selexipag, Inhaled Iloprost, or Parenteral Treprostinil: A Retrospective Database Analysis.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2022Article
- Initial Triple Combination Therapy for Intermediate-and High-Risk Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Standard of Care or Still Too Soon to Tell?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Combination Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Targeting the Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Pathways.Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Combination Therapy with STAT3 Inhibitor Enhances SERCA2a-Induced BMPR2 Expression and Inhibits Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Longitudinal changes in risk status in pulmonary arterial hypertension.ESC heart failure · 2021Article
- Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation, and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a strong rationale for combining therapies to simultaneously target three of the key pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Evidence to support this strategy is growing, and a number of studies have demonstrated that combination therapy, administered as either a sequential or an initial regimen, can improve long-term outcomes in PAH. Dual combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and an endothelin receptor antagonist is the most widely utilised combination regimen. However, some patients fail to achieve their treatment goals on dual therapy and may benefit from the addition of a third drug. The use of triple therapy in clinical practice was previously reserved for patients with severe disease due to the need for parenteral administration of prostanoids. Although triple therapy with parenteral prostanoids plays a key role in the management of severe PAH, the approval of oral therapies that target the prostacyclin pathway means that all three pathways can now be targeted with oral drugs at an earlier disease stage. Furthermore, there is evidence demonstrating that this approach can delay disease progression. Based on the evidence available, it is becoming increasingly clear that all PAH patients should be offered the benefits of combination therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.