ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2017
Branched-chain fatty acid composition of human milk and the impact of maternal diet: the Global Exploration of Human Milk (GEHM) Study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Trial of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammation in Extremely Preterm Infants.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2019Trial
- Article
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Lactating Women Living in Poland-A Comparison with the Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Infant Formulas.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Comparative characterization of the infant gut microbiome and their maternal lineage by a multi-omics approach.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Branched-Long-Chain Monomethyl Fatty Acids: Are They Hidden Gems?Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Review
- Fasting and non-fasting plasma levels of monomethyl branched chain fatty acids: Implications for maple syrup urine disease.JIMD reports · 2023Article
- Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Comparison of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids among Human, Dairy Species and Artificial Substitutes.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant's Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Alter the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Inflammation in Human Adipose Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Fatty Acid Species and Quantity Consumed by the Breastfed Infant Are Important for Growth and Development.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Healthy Breastfeeding Infants Consume Different Quantities of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Lipids.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Branched-chain fatty acids in the vernix caseosa and meconium of infants born at different gestational ages.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- Untargeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry reveals novel triacylglycerides in human milk.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- NIH workshop on human milk composition: summary and visions.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAn understudied component of the diet, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are distinctive saturated fatty acids that may have an important influence on health. Human-milk fatty acid composition is known to differ worldwide, but comparative data are lacking on BCFAs.
objectiveWe tested the hypotheses that concentrations of BCFAs in human milk differ between populations and are associated with maternal diet.
designWe surveyed the BCFA composition of samples collected as part of a standardized, prospective study of human-milk composition. Mothers were enrolled from 3 urban populations with differing diets: Cincinnati, Ohio; Shanghai, China; and Mexico City, Mexico. Enrollment was limited to healthy mothers of term singleton infants. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of milk from all women with samples at postpartum week 4 (n = 359; ∼120 women/site). Fatty acids were extracted from milk by using a modified Bligh-Dyer technique and analyzed by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tobit regression. For Cincinnati mothers, 24-h diet recalls were analyzed in relation to the individual BCFA concentrations measured in milk samples.
resultsTotal BCFAs in milk differed by site, with the highest concentration in Cincinnati followed by Mexico City and Shanghai (mean ± SE: 7.90 ± 0.41, 6.10 ± 0.36, and 4.27 ± 0.25 mg/100 mL, respectively; P < 0.001). Site differences persisted after delivery mode, maternal age, and body mass index were controlled for. The individual concentrations of iso-14:0, iso-16:0, iso-18:0, anteiso-15:0, and anteiso-17:0 also differed between sites. Milk concentrations of iso-14:0 and anteiso-15:0 were associated with maternal intake of dairy; iso-16:0 was associated with maternal intakes of dairy and beef.
conclusionsBCFA concentrations in milk at 4 wk postpartum differed between mothers from Cincinnati, Shanghai, and Mexico City. Variations in human-milk BCFAs are influenced by diet. The impact of BCFAs on infant health warrants investigation.
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