ReviewOncotarget2017
Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?
Review in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05281848 (Evaluation of the Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in Periodontitis Patients as Smoker and Non-smoker), which is not on this map. Cited by 335 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in Periodontitis Patients as Smoker and Non-smoker
Who cites it
335 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 620 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde antibody frequencies in rheumatoid arthritis with new data from two independent cohorts, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors for cancer of unknown primary: a literature review.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Protocols of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Non-Surgical Periodontitis Therapy.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Association of dry eye disease with smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Smoking Status and Survival in Patients With Early-Stage Primary Cutaneous Melanoma.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Prehabilitation for Pressure Ulcer Surgery: A Practical and Evidence-based Guide.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- The relationship of apical periodontitis with chronic diseases and smoking habits: an umbrella review.Odontology · 2026Review
- Serum Vitamin D Levels and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Anti-dsDNA Antibodies and Selected Lifestyle Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal prehabilitation and perioperative immune function in patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery.The British journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune Dysregulation and Community Health Factors in Maternal and Childhood Leprosy: A Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Diagnostic modulation of subgingival proteomic biomarkers by age and smoking habits in periodontitis.Journal of periodontology · 2026Article
- Tobacco-Induced Oral Dysbiosis and Microbial Shifts: A Narrative Review of Their Role in Systemic Inflammation and Disease.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Imaging and clinical features of emphysematous osteomyelitis.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- Long noncoding RNAs at the crossroads of smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung disease.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of smoking-associated non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis of genetic, therapeutic, and immunological.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Diaphragm and the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Function in Individuals Attending a Smoking Cessation Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
275 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/Th17), CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and memory T/B lymphocytes while innate immune cells impacted by smoking are mostly DCs, macrophages and NK cells. Complex roles of cigarette smoke have resulted in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and transplant rejection etc. Although previous reviews have described the effects of smoking on various diseases and regional immunity associated with specific diseases, a comprehensive and updated review is rarely seen to demonstrate impacts of smoking on general immunity and, especially on major components of immune cells. Here, we aim to systematically and objectively review the influence of smoking on major components of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system. The molecular pathways impacted by cigarette smoking involve NFκB, MAP kinases and histone modification. Further investigations are warranted to understand the exact mechanisms responsible for smoking-mediated immunopathology and to answer lingering questions over why cigarette smoking is always harmful rather than beneficial even though it exerts dual effects on immune responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.