ArticleThe Journal of general virology2017
Novel reassortant H9N2 viruses in pigeons and evidence for antigenic diversity of H9N2 viruses isolated from quails in Egypt.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic and Pathogenicity Studies of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Chickens in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2025.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Isolation, characterization and phylogenetic analyses of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses isolated from poultry between 2019 and 2023 in Egypt.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive pathological and molecular investigation of viral co-infections in ducks in Egypt.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of the whole genome of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from Egyptian poultry farms.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Diversity of genotypes and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus derived from wild bird and domestic poultry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Engineering an Optimal Y280-Lineage H9N2 Vaccine Strain by Tuning PB2 Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Protection of SPF Chickens by H9N2 Y439 and G1 Lineage Vaccine against Homologous and Heterologous Viruses.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from the Izumi Plain, Japan in 2019/20 Winter Season.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- H5N1 Avian Flu Infection in Hubbard Broiler Chicken Can Be Prevented or Cured by Methylated Soy Protein During 42 Days Rearing.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2022Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Egypt (2006 to 2017).BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens.Viruses · 2022Article
- Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Novel reassortant of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens and quails in Egypt.Veterinary world · 2021Article
- Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 HA Gene.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Incidence and Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza in a Cohort of Backyard Poultry Growers, Egypt, August 2015-March 2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Wild Birds in Live Birds Markets: Potential Reservoirs of Enzootic Avian Influenza Viruses and Antimicrobial ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The endemicity of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) among Egyptian poultry represents a public health risk. Co-circulation of low pathogenic AIV H9N2 subtype with highly pathogenic AIV H5N1 subtype in Egyptian farms provides a possibility to generate novel reassortant viruses. Here, the genetic characteristics of surface glycoproteins of 59 Egyptian H9N2 viruses, isolated between 2013 and 2015, were analysed. To elucidate the potential of genetic reassortment, 10 H9N2 isolates were selected based on different avian hosts (chickens, ducks, pigeons and quails) and phylogenetic analyses of their full genome sequences were conducted. Additionally, we performed antigenic analysis to further investigate the antigenic evolution of H9N2 viruses isolated during 2011-2015. Different viral characteristics including receptor-binding affinity and drug resistance of representative Egyptian H9N2 viruses were further investigated. The surface glycoproteins of current Egyptian H9N2 viruses were closely related to viruses of the G1-like lineage isolated from Egypt. Several genetic markers that enhance virulence in poultry and transmission to humans were detected. Analysis of the full genome of 10 H9N2 isolates indicated that two pigeon isolates inherited five internal genes from Eurasian AIVs circulating in wild birds. Antigenic conservation of different Egyptian H9N2 isolates from chickens, pigeons and ducks was observed, whereas quail isolates showed antigenic drift. The Egyptian H9N2 viruses preferentially bound to the human-like receptor rather than to the avian-like receptor. Our results suggest that the endemic H9N2 viruses in Egypt contain elements that may favour avian-to-human transmission and thus represent a public health risk.
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