ReviewSurgical infections
Burden of Surgical Site Infections Associated with Select Spine Operations and Involvement of Staphylococcus aureus.
Review in Surgical infections. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholecystitis associated with Q fever: case report and systematic review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of a 4-Antigen Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Spinal Surgery: The STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy (STRIVE) Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Association of a polyester mesh-containing tissue adhesive system with early postoperative inflammatory biomarker profiles following instrumented thoracolumbar and lumbar fusion.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- The Microbiology of Postoperative Spine Surgical Site Infections: An Institutional Experience of 170 cases.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2026Article
- Surgical Site Infection, Microbiology, and Antibiotic Utilization After Posterior Cervical Spinal Decompression and Fusion: A 10-Year Experience.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Does the combination of pulsed lavage and negative pressure dressings reduce infection rates after posterior spinal arthrodesis in pediatric scoliosis ?Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Suspected contaminant source and early deep wound infections in posterior instrumented fusion involving the lumbosacral region: a multicenter analysis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Comparative outcomes of gram-positive and gram-negative intraoperative infections in degenerative scoliosis: a 10-year propensity score-matched analysis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Effects of antibiotics encapsulated in hyaluronic acid hydrogels on different osteogenic cells and bacteria.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
- The impact of obesity, smoking and diabetes on the susceptibility to postoperative spinal infections: A risk-based approach.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Systemic immune responses in patients with spine surgery related infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Modulation of Surgical Site Infection Risk in Spinal and Thoracic Surgeries Through Operative Parameters: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Post-spinal surgery infections: a two-year follow-up study on risks, resistance, and recovery.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Infective Spondylitis in Adults: A Journey Through Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Surgical site infection rate in spine surgery, incidence, and risk factors: a ten-year retrospective cohort review in a developing neurosurgical centre.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Can machine learning models improve the prediction of surgical site infection in abdominal surgery than traditional statistical models?The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Predictive modeling for identifying infection risk following spinal surgery: Optimizing patient management.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Is an Elevated Preoperative CRP Level a Predictive Factor for Wound Healing Disorders following Lumbar Spine Surgery?Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Cefazolin Alone Versus Cefazolin with Tobramycin or Gentamicin as Intraoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Single-Level Posterior Lumbar Fusion.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpine operations may be indicated for treatment of diseases including vertebral injuries, degenerative spinal conditions, disk disease, spinal misalignments, or malformations. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a clinically important complication of spine surgery. Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a leading cause of post-spinal SSIs.
methodsPubMed and applicable infectious disease conference proceedings were searched to identify relevant published studies. Overall, 343 full-text publications were screened for epidemiologic, mortality, health care resource utilization, and cost data on SSIs associated with specified spine operations.
resultsSurgical site infection rates were identified in 161 studies from North America, Europe, and Asia. Pooled average SSI and S. aureus SSI rates for spine surgery were 1.9% (median, 3.3%; range, 0.1%-22.6%) and 1.0% (median, 2.0%; range, 0.02%-10.0%). Pooled average contribution of S. aureus infections to spinal SSIs was 49.3% (median, 50.0%; range, 16.7%-100%). Pooled average proportion of S. aureus SSIs attributable to MRSA was 37.9% (median, 42.5%; range, 0%-100%). Instrumented spinal fusion had the highest pooled average SSI rate (3.8%), followed by spinal decompression (1.8%) and spinal fusion (1.6%). The SSI-related mortality rate among spine surgical patients ranged from 1.1%-2.3% (three studies). All studies comparing SSI and control cohorts reported longer hospital stays for patients with SSIs. Pooled average SSI-associated re-admission rate occurring within 30 d from discharge ranged from 20% to 100% (four studies). Pooled average SSI-related re-operation rate was 67.1% (median, 100%; range, 33.5%-100%). According to two studies reporting direct costs, spine surgical patients incur approximately double the health care costs when they develop an SSI.
conclusionsAvailable published studies demonstrate a clinically important burden of SSIs related to spine operations and the substantial contribution of S. aureus (including MRSA). Preventive strategies aimed specifically at S. aureus SSIs could reduce health care costs and improve patient outcomes for spine operations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.