ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2017
Daily intake and hazard index of parabens based upon 24 h urine samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2012.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Analysis of Paraben and Bisphenol A Exposure in Relation to Food Intake Levels and Health Risk Assessments in the Taiwanese Population.Journal of food science · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status in the association between use of personal care products and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in pregnant Taiwanese women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- High-dose exposure to butylparaben impairs thyroid ultrastructure and function in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exposure Profile and Characteristics of Parabens and Alkylphenols in Plasma among Rural Adults in Central China.Toxics · 2023Article
- Presence of Parabens in Different Children Biological Matrices and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Estimation of parabens and bisphenols in maternal products and urinary concentrations in Indian pregnant women: daily intake and health risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in Iranian women: Exposure and risk assessment.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Correlation study of parabens in urine, serum, and seminal plasma of adult men in Beijing, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Urinary parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in primiparas from Shenzhen, China: Implications for exposure and health risks.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021Article
- Urinary concentrations of parabens amongst Iranian adults and their associations with socio-demographic factors.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Article
- Urinary paraben concentrations and their implications for human exposure in Iranian pregnant women.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Homology models of mouse and rat estrogen receptor-Computational toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Identifying Knowledge Gaps.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2018Review
- Metabolites of n-Butylparaben and iso-Butylparaben Exhibit Estrogenic Properties in MCF-7 and T47D Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, exposure to parabens has become more of a concern because of evidence of ubiquitous exposure in the general population, combined with evidence of their potency as endocrine disruptors. New human metabolism data from oral exposure experiments enable us to back calculate daily paraben intakes from urinary paraben levels. We report daily intakes (DIs) for six parabens based on 660 24 h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank collected between 1995 and 2012. Median DI values ranged between 1.1 μg/kg bw/day for iso-butyl paraben and 47.5 μg/kg bw/day for methyl paraben. The calculated DIs were compared with acceptable levels of exposure to evaluate the hazard quotients (HQs) that indicate that acceptable exposure is exceeded for values of >1. Approximately 5% of our study population exceeded this threshold for individual paraben exposure. The hazard index (HI) that takes into account the cumulative risk of adverse estrogenic effects was 1.3 at the 95th percentile and 4.4 at maximum intakes, mainly driven by n-propyl paraben exposure. HI values of >1 indicate some level of concern. However, we have to point out that we applied most conservative assumptions in the HQ/HI calculations. Also, major exposure reduction measures were enacted in the European Union after 2012.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.