ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2017
Does vaginal delivery mitigate or strengthen the intergenerational association of overweight and obesity? Findings from the Boston Birth Cohort.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The role of gut micorbiome in obesity and diabetes.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Maternal obesity modifies the vertical transmission of gut microbiota and metabolites: Insights from mother-infant dyads in a mexican cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Evaluating the association between caesarean delivery and weight status in early childhood in a Japanese birth cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Early Life Origins of Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in Boston Birth Cohort: Review of Findings and Future directions.Precision nutrition · 2023Article
- The Experience of Women Giving Birth after Cesarean Section-A Longitudinal Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolism in Early Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease.Circulation research · 2023Review
- Maternal vaginal fluids play a major role in the colonization of the neonatal intestinal microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Developmental origins of adult diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Preterm Birth and the Type of Birth and Their Impact on the Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cesarean Delivery and Risk of Excess Weight Among Brazilian Preschool Children.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
- From Short- to Long-Term Effects of C-Section Delivery on Microbiome Establishment and Host Health.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Potential for Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease: Epigenome, Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Caesarean delivery is associated with higher risk of overweight in the offspring: within-family analysis in the SUN cohort.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2020Article
- Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring's microbiome in the first 1000 days: study protocol and preliminary results at one month of life.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe intergenerational association of obesity may be driven by mother-to-newborn transmission of microbiota at birth. Yet cesarean delivery circumvents newborn acquisition of vaginal microbiota, and has been associated with greater childhood adiposity. Here we examined the independent and joint associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg m SUBJECTS/
methodsWe prospectively followed 1441 racially and ethnically diverse mother-child dyads in the Boston Birth Cohort until age 5 years (range: 2.0-8.0 years). We used logistic regression to examine the independent and joint associations of delivery mode (cesarean and vaginal delivery) and pre-pregnancy BMI with childhood overweight or obesity (age-sex-specific BMI ⩾85th percentile).
resultsOf 1441 mothers, 961 delivered vaginally and 480 by cesarean. Compared with vaginally delivered children, cesarean delivered children had 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.8) times greater odds of becoming overweight or obese in childhood, after adjustment for maternal age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education, air pollution exposure, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain and birth weight. Compared with children born vaginally to normal weight mothers, after multivariable adjustment, odds of childhood overweight or obesity were highest in children born by cesarean delivery to obese mothers (odds ratio (OR): 2.8; 95% CI: 1.9-4.1), followed by children born by cesarean delivery to overweight mothers (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5-3.2), then children born vaginally to obese mothers (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) and finally children born vaginally to overweight mothers (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.3).
conclusionsIn our racially and ethnically diverse cohort, cesarean delivery and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with childhood overweight or obesity. Needed now are prospective studies that integrate measures of the maternal and infant microbiome, and other potentially explanatory covariates, to elucidate the mechanisms driving this association and to explore whether exposure to vaginal microbiota in cesarean delivered newborns may be an innovative strategy to combat the intergenerational cycle of obesity.
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