Trial reportPLoS pathogens2016
Chemokine Levels in the Penile Coronal Sulcus Correlate with HIV-1 Acquisition and Are Reduced by Male Circumcision in Rakai, Uganda.
Trial report in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03412071 (Testing the Ability of a Microbiome - Focused Intervention to Reduce HIV Susceptibility in Ugandan Men), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Testing the Ability of a Microbiome - Focused Intervention to Reduce HIV Susceptibility in Ugandan Men
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of antimicrobials on penile HIV susceptibility and immunology in uncircumcised men: A randomized phase 1/2 clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- HIV Transmission and Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- CD11c+ myeloid cells are the predominant CD4+CCR5+ immune population in the foreskin and are increased in men with HIV-associated penile anaerobes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Anaerobe-Driven Inflammation and Epithelial Barrier Disruption in Genital HIV Acquisition.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Pathological phimosis is associated with foreskin immune cell infiltration but not microbiota composition.mSphere · 2026Article
- The Nugent score is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for neovaginal bacteria in transfeminine people.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Futility of Nugent Scoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Neovaginal Bacterial Dysbiosis in Transfeminine People.Research square · 2025Article
- HIV-associated penile anaerobes disrupt epithelial barrier integrity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Rectal mucosal inflammation, microbiome, and wound healing in men who have sex with men who engage in receptive anal intercourse.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Implications of accumulation of clonally expanded and senescent CD4Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Comparison between a deep-learning and a pixel-based approach for the automated quantification of HIV target cells in foreskin tissue.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insertive vaginal sex is associated with altered penile immunology and enrichment of Gardnerella vaginalis in uncircumcised Ugandan men.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2024Article
- Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Association with Inflammatory Cytokines Among Sexual and Gender Minorities Living With and Without HIV-1 from Lagos, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- How Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Review
- A Summary of the Sixth International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Immune milieu and microbiome of the distal urethra in Ugandan men: impact of penile circumcision and implications for HIV susceptibility.Microbiome · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Individual susceptibility to HIV is heterogeneous, but the biological mechanisms explaining differences are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that penile inflammation may increase HIV susceptibility in men by recruiting permissive CD4 T cells, and that male circumcision may decrease HIV susceptibility in part by reducing genital inflammation. We used multi-array technology to measure levels of seven cytokines in coronal sulcus (penile) swabs collected longitudinally from initially uncircumcised men enrolled in a randomized trial of circumcision in Rakai, Uganda. Coronal sulcus cytokine levels were compared between men who acquired HIV and controls who remained seronegative. Cytokines were also compared within men before and after circumcision, and correlated with CD4 T cells subsets in foreskin tissue. HIV acquisition was associated with detectable coronal sulcus Interleukin-8 (IL-8 aOR 2.26, 95%CI 1.04-6.40) and Monokine Induced by γ-interferon (MIG aOR 2.72, 95%CI 1.15-8.06) at the visit prior to seroconversion, and the odds of seroconversion increased with detection of multiple cytokines. Coronal sulcus chemokine levels were not correlated with those in the vagina of a man's female sex partner. The detection of IL-8 in swabs was significantly reduced 6 months after circumcision (PRR 0.59, 95%CI 0.44-0.87), and continued to decline for at least two years (PRR 0.29, 95%CI 0.16-0.54). Finally, prepuce IL-8 correlated with increased HIV target cell density in foreskin tissues, including highly susceptible CD4 T cells subsets, as well as with tissue neutrophil density. Together, these data suggest that penile inflammation increases HIV susceptibility and is reduced by circumcision.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.