ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2017
Prevalence and correlates of vaginal estrogenization in postmenopausal women in the United States.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Convergent-Divergent Validity and Correlates of the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging Domain Scales in the MsFLASH Vaginal Health Trial.The journal of sexual medicine · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of Vaginal Estradiol or Vaginal Moisturizer vs Placebo for Treating Postmenopausal Vulvovaginal Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2018Trial
- Review
- A study of the objective benefits and safety of Er-YAG laser in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Comparison of the Vaginal Microbiota in Postmenopausal Black and White Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Interpersonal trauma and aging-related genitourinary dysfunction in a national sample of older women.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Time to advocate for better science, and better treatments for women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Changes in microscopic analysis of the urinary sediment in postmenopausal women who receive vaginal conjugated oestrogens.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis work aims to establish current population-based vaginal estrogenization norms for postmenopausal US women.
methodsUsing a US national probability sample of 868 postmenopausal women ages 57 to 85 years (mean age 67.6 ± 0.3 y, 21.6 ± 0.5 y since menopause), we calculated the epithelial maturation value (MV) generated from self-collected vaginal specimens and compared findings with historical clinical data. Linear and logistic regressions were used to describe the relationship between vaginal estrogenization and sociodemographic, physical, gynecologic, and sexual characteristics.
resultsAmong postmenopausal women, mean MV was 46.6 ± 0.8 (SD 17.4, range 2.5-100) and stable across age groups. In every age group, vaginal estrogenization was higher among postmenopausal nonusers of hormone therapy (HT) in the 2005-2006 US cohort than reported for the 1960s Canadian clinical cohort. MV was also higher among women who used postmenopausal HT in the prior 12 months compared with those who did not (55.1 ± 1.2 vs 44.4 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, HT use, obesity and African American race were each independently associated with higher MV. Overall, MV was not associated with sexual activity, but low MV was associated with vaginal dryness during intercourse among sexually active women.
conclusionsCompared to 1960s clinical data, current population estimates revealed higher vaginal estrogenization across all age groups and no decline with age. The strongest independent correlates of vaginal estrogenization in postmenopausal US women were current HT use, obesity, and African American race. Postmenopause, half of all women exhibit low vaginal estrogenization.
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