ArticleJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2017
Effects of two different removable functional appliances on depth of the posterior airway space : A retrospective cephalometric study.
Article in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role of the hyoid bone in mandibular advancement: insights from functional appliance therapy in patients with skeletal class II - a prospective cohort study.Head & face medicine · 2025Trial
- Craniofacial Analysis of Lateral Cephalograms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-An Exploratory Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of functional orthodontic therapy on body posture and postural control in children and adolescents with Class II malocclusion.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone position changes of skeletal anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and activator appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Changes of epiglottis and hyoid bone position after orthodontic treatment with cast splint fixed functional appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAim of the study was the comparison of treatment effects upon pharyngeal depth in patients treated with either (1) S-II-appliance or (2) Activator.
methodsPre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 73 patients were analyzed using a customized set of measurements. According to predefined criteria, patients were either treated with S-II-appliance or Activator. Pharyngeal depth was assessed from cranial to caudal at six levels (P1 to P6). Paired t tests were used for intragroup and t tests for independent samples for intergroup comparisons. Results were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
results37 (22 female, 15 male) patients were treated with the S-II-appliance (mean pretreatment age 11.1 ± 1.07 years), and 36 (20 female, 16 male) patients with an Activator (mean pretreatment age 11.3 ± 1.12 years). Mean treatment time was 14 months for the S-II-appliance and 12 months for the Activator. Most measurements at the different levels showed an average increase ranging from approximately 0.5 mm to almost 2 mm. Changes were more pronounced in S-II patients. In contrast to intergroup comparisons, some intragroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences at levels P5 (p = 0.0062) and P6 (p = 0.0155) in S-II patients and at P1-level (p = 0.0197) in Activator patients.
conclusionsBoth appliances similarly led to an increase of the pharyngeal depth. The sites of statistically significant changes differed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.