ArticleClinical interventions in aging2016
Calf-raise senior: a new test for assessment of plantar flexor muscle strength in older adults: protocol, validity, and reliability.
Article in Clinical interventions in aging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Measures of attributes of locomotor capacity in older people: a systematic literature review following the COSMIN methodology.Age and ageing · 2023Pooled it
- Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Commonly Used Performance Tests Relative to Fall History in Older Persons: A Systematic Review.Clinical interventions in aging · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of carnosine supplementation on physical endurance: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- The Use of a Smartphone to Assess the Two-Minute Step Test: Validity of Machine Learning Compared to Analytical Data Processing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From twitch to relaxation: Obesity dysregulates muscle contractile function.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Reproducibility and validity of adapted clinical tests for the assessment of muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer's disease.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Smartphone Assessment of the Sitting Heel-Rise Test.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Improvements in Postural Stability, Dynamic Balance, and Strength Following 12 Weeks of Online Ballet-Modern Dance Classes for Older Women.International journal of exercise science · 2024Article
- Using a Standing Heel-Rise Test as a Predictor of Ankle Muscle Strength in the Elderly.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Reproducibility of isokinetic measures of the knee and ankle muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults without and with Alzheimer's disease.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Acute Effects of Sedentary Behavior on Ankle Torque Assessed with a Custom-Made Electronic Dynamometer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Responsiveness of the Calf-Raise Senior test in community-dwelling older adults undergoing an exercise intervention program.PloS one · 2020Article
- THE RELIABILITY OF A NOVEL HEEL-RISE TEST VERSUS GONIOMETRY TO ASSESS PLANTARFLEXION RANGE OF MOTION.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2018Article
- Measurement of Gender Differences of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Tendon Using Sonomyography during Calf Raises: A Pilot Study.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Biomechanical of bilateral heel rise, and its association with balance, functional mobility, and walking speed in older adults.Archives of physiotherapyArticle
- Functional intermuscular reduction in spasticity for people with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to develop a new field test protocol with a standardized measurement of strength and power in plantar flexor muscles targeted to functionally independent older adults, the calf-raise senior (CRS) test, and also evaluate its reliability and validity. PATIENTS AND
methodsForty-one subjects aged 65 years and older of both sexes participated in five different cross-sectional studies: 1) pilot (n=12); 2) inter- and intrarater agreement (n=12); 3) construct (n=41); 4) criterion validity (n=33); and 5) test-retest reliability (n=41). Different motion parameters were compared in order to define a specifically designed protocol for seniors. Two raters evaluated each participant twice, and the results of the same individual were compared between raters and participants to assess the interrater and intrarater agreement. The validity and reliability studies involved three testing sessions that lasted 2 weeks, including a battery of functional fitness tests, CRS test in two occasions, accelerometry, and strength assessments in an isokinetic dynamometer.
resultsThe CRS test presented an excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] =0.90, standard error of measurement =2.0) and interrater reliability (ICC =0.93-0.96), as well as a good intrarater agreement (ICC =0.79-0.84). Participants with better results in the CRS test were younger and presented higher levels of physical activity and functional fitness. A significant association between test results and all strength parameters (isometric,
conclusionThis study was successful in demonstrating that the CRS test can meet the scientific criteria of validity and reliability. The test can be a good indicator of ankle strength in older adults and proved to discriminate significantly between individuals with improved functionality and levels of physical activity.
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