ArticleJournal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR2016
Comparison of Gingival Health and Salivary Parameters among Autistic and Non-Autistic School Children in Riyadh.
Article in Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Research: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Dental Caries Status in Autistic Children: A Meta-analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Significance of Oral Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Narrative Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Oral hygiene and caries experience in children with down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Oral health status of children with autism spectrum disorder in KSA: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Autistic spectrum disorder children and adolescents' oral health characteristics - scoping review.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2024Article
- Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviors, and Oral Health Care Utilization among Persons with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Oral health and dental caries experience among students aged 7-15 years old with autism spectrum disorders in Tehran, Iran.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Dental experiences related to oral care of children with autism spectrum disorders in Saudi Arabia: A literature review.The Saudi dental journal · 2022Review
- A systematic review of population-based gingival health studies among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.The Saudi dental journal · 2021Review
- Restoration of an Upper Anterior Tooth in an Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Student Case Report.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Saliva MicroRNA Differentiates Children With Autism From Peers With Typical and Atypical Development.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2020Article
- Orthodontic Approach to Patients with Autism: A Review.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAutism is a neuro-developmental disorder which is manifested as impairment of social interaction, communication and a repetitive behaviour. Autism can obscure dental treatment for the affected patients; furthermore, children with autism commonly have destructive oral habits.
aimThe aims of this study were to evaluate the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Plaque Index (PI), salivary pH and buffering capacity of the saliva among autistic children compared to normal children in Riyadh City that may provide baseline data to enable comparison and future planning of dental services for autistic children. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 50 children diagnosed with autism (mean age 8.5 years) were selected from Azzam Autism School, Riyadh City. The control group consisted of 50 non-autistic school children (mean age 8.7 years), gender matched, selected from Outpatient Clinic, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy. MGI, PI, salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity tests were done for all participants. The buffering capacity of the stimulated saliva was grouped under 'very low', 'low' and 'normal'. Pearson's Chi square and one way ANOVA were used to find statistical significance if any among the autistic and the normal control group.
resultsThe results of the study showed that the mean ± standard deviation of MGI, PI and pH of unstimulated resting saliva for autistic group were 1.82 ± 0.65, 1.92 ± 0.35 and 6.8 ± 0.5 respectively. Normal control group had values 1.35 ± 0.85, 1.44 ± 0.43 and 7 ± 0.4 respectively. A statistically significant difference between both groups for all parameters was found. Salivary buffering capacity was found to be normal for the majority among both groups. However, 60% children among the autistic group presented with normal buffering capacity of the stimulated saliva as compared to 70% among the normal control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.544).
conclusionChildren with autism appear to have higher gingival inflammation, poor oral hygiene and a slightly lower salivary pH as compared to healthy control group. Special oral health programmes regarding treatment and maintenance of good oral health should be taken in consideration for autistic children.
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