Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2017
Factors associated with expression of extrapyramidal symptoms in users of atypical antipsychotics.
Observational study in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Tardive Dyskinesia-like Syndrome Due to Drugs that do not Block Dopamine Receptors: Rare or Non-existent: Literature Review.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Review
- Quetiapine versus Haloperidol in Controlling Conversion Disorder Symptoms; a Randomized Clinical Trial.Emergency (Tehran, Iran) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in users of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA).
methodsObservational cross-sectional study based on a random sample of subjects from three outpatient clinics. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 65 years, of both genders, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and under the use of a single SGA agent. Subjects who had received i.m. long-acting antipsychotics in the past were excluded. The families of eligible patients were contacted by phone and, if willing to participate in the study, a household visit was scheduled. Informed consent was obtained from all study subjects and their next of kin. The risk of EPS associated with sociodemographic, clinical features and medications used was analyzed by logistic regression.
resultsThe study population consisted of 213 subjects. EPS were observed in 38.0% of subjects. The more commonly used SGA were olanzapine (76, 35.7%), risperidone (74, 34.3%), quetiapine (26, 12.2%), and ziprasidone (23, 10.8%). Among the drugs used as adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia, benzodiazepines were the most prevalent (31.5%), followed by carbamazepine (24.4%) and antidepressants (20.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of EPS was associated with the use of carbamazepine (odds ratio 3.677, 95% CI 1.627-8.310). We found no evidence that the type of SGA modified the risk of EPS.
conclusionThe occurrence of EPS in SGA users is a common finding, with no difference of antipsychotics studied in relation to the risk of extrapyramidal manifestations. The adjunctive use of carbamazepine may predispose the user of SGA to the occurrence of EPS.
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