Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27888454›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2017

Availability and quality of illegitimate somatropin products obtained from the Internet.

Róbert György Vida, András Fittler, Ivett Mikulka, Eszter Ábrahám, Viktor Sándor, Ferenc Kilár, Lajos Botz

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Quality of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate containing eye drops distributed online.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
    Article
  5. Illicit Online Pharmacies: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Developing a framework regarding a complex risk based methodology in the evaluation of hazards associated with medicinal products sourced via the internet.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2020
    Article
  13. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Róbert György VidaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 3 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary. vida.robert@pte.hu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-0251
András FittlerDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 3 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Ivett MikulkaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 3 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Eszter ÁbrahámDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 3 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Viktor SándorInstitute of Bioanalysis and Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, 1 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Ferenc KilárInstitute of Bioanalysis and Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, 1 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Lajos BotzDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Central Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 3 Honvéd Street, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
University of Pecs · HU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Growth hormones are widely available on the Internet for those who want to enhance their physical performance and improve body satisfaction. Illegitimate websites market somatropin injections without medical prescription and encourage misuse. Customers potentially put their health at risk when purchasing parenteral medications online. Objective The objective of our study was to evaluate the online market of no-prescription somatropin products and to analyse and document Internet pharmacy characteristics, distribution and pharmaceutical quality. Setting Websites indexed in Google promoting somatropin for sale direct to patients. Method Websites promoting the sale of growth hormone products were identified and analysed from June to August 2014. Internet vendor sites were evaluated to identify possible patient and medication safety concerns. Website characteristics, delivery time, storage conditions, packaging and attached product information were assessed. Investigation of the somatropin content was achieved using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Main outcome measure Accessibility and quality of somatropin injections. Results Seventeen individual Internet vendor websites distributed somatropin products directly to patients, majority (94%) did not require a valid medical prescription before dispensing the products. Majority (70%) of Internet pharmacies displayed no medical information and none (0%) of the vendors displayed any regulatory body logo. All online samples had significantly (p < 0.001) lower somatropin concentration than labelled. Conclusion Our results clearly illustrate that prescription only biologic drugs are widely available online and can be easily accessed by anyone. Unprofessional distribution and handling is likely to cause degradation and possible patient safety concerns.

Indexed as

Counterfeit DrugsHuman Growth HormoneHumansInternetPharmaceutical Services, OnlinePrescription DrugsCounterfeit DrugsHuman Growth HormonePrescription DrugsGrowth hormoneIllegal medicinesInternet pharmacyMedication safetyOnline medicinesSomatropin

Identifiers

PMID27888454
OpenAlexW2553633535

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.