ArticleInjury epidemiology2016
Assaults against U.S. law enforcement officers in the line-of-duty: situational context and predictors of lethality.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manhandling injuries during legal interventions.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2023Article
- Firearm assaults against US law enforcement officers in the line-of-duty: Associations with firearm ownership and state firearm laws.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- A national analysis of trauma care proximity and firearm assault survival among U.S. police.Police practice & research : an international journal · 2022Article
- Gun victimization in the line of duty: Fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults on police officers in the United States, 2014-2019.Criminology & public policy · 2020Article
- Nonfatal Injuries to Law Enforcement Officers: A Rise in Assaults.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Robotically applied hemostatic clamping for care-under-fire: harnessing bomb robots for hemorrhage control.Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgieArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch on occupational safety of law enforcement officers (LEOs) has primarily focused on fatal assaults. Nonfatal assaults, however, have received little attention. The goal of this study was to describe the situational contexts in which LEOs are assaulted, and compare these contexts and risks between fatal and nonfatal assaults in the U.S. Analyzing both types of assaults provides a more complete understanding of occupational safety and opportunities for intervention.
methodsThis study includes a descriptive epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal assaults of LEOs in the U.S. and a pooled cross-sectional analysis of risk factors contributing to the odds of lethal assault. Data were collected from the Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted database. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize fatal and nonfatal assaults. Odds ratios were generated to understand the odds that an assault would result in a fatality.
resultsBetween 1998 and 2013, there were 791 fatal assaults and 2,022 nonfatal assaults of LEOs. Nearly 60% of primary wounds in fatal assaults were received to the head, neck, or throat while nearly 50% of primary wounds in nonfatal assaults were received to the arms/hands or below the waist. The odds that an assault resulted in a fatality decreased by 57% (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.58) when a LEO was wearing body armor. LEOs experiencing an ambush or unprovoked attack had significantly increased odds of an assault resulting in a fatality (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.83 to 5.85 and OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.47 respectively). LEOs that were disarmed during an encounter with a suspect had more than 2-fold increased odds of an assault resulting in a fatality (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.38).
conclusionsThere are specific situational and encounter characteristics that influence the lethality of an assault, which suggest strategies for prevention. Mandatory wear policies for the use of body armor could significantly reduce mortality among assaulted LEOs.
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Registered trials
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