ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2017
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Amniotic Cavity of Women with Intra-Amniotic Infection: A New Mechanism of Host Defense.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic therapy in patients with amniotic fluid sludge and risk of preterm birth: a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Amniotic fluid cell-free transcriptome: a glimpse into fetal development and placental cellular dynamics during normal pregnancy.BMC medical genomics · 2020Trial
- Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2019Trial
- Fetal T Cell Activation in the Amniotic Cavity during Preterm Labor: A Potential Mechanism for a Subset of Idiopathic Preterm Birth.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Effector and Activated T Cells Induce Preterm Labor and Birth That Is Prevented by Treatment with Progesterone.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in pregnancy complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Infections as a Cause of Preterm Birth: Amniotic Fluid Sludge-An Ultrasound Marker for Intra-Amniotic Infections and a Risk Factor for Preterm Birth.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exosomal Delivery of Interleukin-10 Reduces Infection-Associated Inflammation in a 3D-Printed Model of a Humanized Feto-Maternal Interface.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- The clinic application of mNGS and ENA-78 assays to identify intra-amniotic infection/inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Factors of Fetal Origin in the Regulation of Labor Initiation and Preterm Birth.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2023Article
- Stages of NETosis Development upon Stimulation of Neutrophils with Activators of Different Types.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Intra-amniotic inflammation in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for neuropsychological disorders in childhood.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2023Article
- Eating the Enemy: Mycoplasma Strategies to Evade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Promoting Bacterial Nucleotides Uptake and Inflammatory Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Neutrophils in Pregnancy, Term and Preterm Labour.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The amniotic fluid proteome predicts imminent preterm delivery in asymptomatic women with a short cervix.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The immunobiology of preterm labor and birth: intra-amniotic inflammation or breakdown of maternal-fetal homeostasis.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2022Review
- Pregnancy tailors endotoxin-induced monocyte and neutrophil responses in the maternal circulation.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Article
- IL-22 Plays a Dual Role in the Amniotic Cavity: Tissue Injury and Host Defense against Microbes in Preterm Labor.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- The amniotic fluid proteome changes with gestational age in normal pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) control microbial infections through their antimicrobial activities attributed to DNA, histones, granules, and cytoplasmic proteins (eg, elastase). Intra-amniotic infection is characterized by the influx of neutrophils into the amniotic cavity; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid neutrophils form NETs in this inflammatory process.
methodsAmniotic fluid samples from women with intra-amniotic infection (n = 15) were stained for bacteria detection using fluorescent dyes. Amniotic fluid neutrophils were purified by filtration. As controls, neutrophils from maternal blood samples (n = 3) were isolated by density gradients. Isolated neutrophils were plated onto glass cover slips for culture with and without 100 nM of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). NET formation was assessed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and scanning electron microscopy. Different stages of NET formation were visualized using antibodies against elastase and histone H3, in combination with DAPI staining, by confocal microscopy. Finally, maternal or neonatal neutrophils were added to amniotic fluid samples from women without intra-amniotic infection (n = 4), and NET formation was evaluated by DAPI staining.
results(1) NETs were present in the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection; (2) all of the amniotic fluid samples had detectable live and dead bacteria associated with the presence of NETs; (3) in contrast to neutrophils from the maternal circulation, amniotic fluid neutrophils did not require PMA stimulation to form NETs; (4) different stages of NET formation were observed by co-localizing elastase, histone H3, and DNA in amniotic fluid neutrophils; and (5) neither maternal nor neonatal neutrophils form NETs in the amniotic fluid of women without intra-amniotic infection.
conclusionNETs are detectable in the amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.