ArticleBMJ open2016
Prevalence and determinants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-Reykjavik study.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06230705 (Community Intervention to impRove CVD Risk Factor controL in Young AmErican Indians), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Community Intervention to impRove CVD Risk Factor controL in Young AmErican Indians: The CIRCLE Study
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Stronger Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Than to Presence of Carotid Plaques in People Living With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- Predictors for carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort.PloS one · 2021Trial
- The association of CHA2DS2-VASc score and carotid plaque in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Prevalence of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Adult Populations in Europe and North America (USA, Canada): A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies (2015-2025).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Functional and Transcriptional Senescence Profiles of CD8+ T Cells Associate With the Presence of Carotid Plaques in People Living With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Association between a novel ultrasound-based measure of plaque burden and cardiovascular risk: the P-SONAR study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Relations of Artificial Intelligence Vascular Age With Cardiometabolic Disease Progression: The Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Identification of shared mechanisms between Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Plaques in a Population-Based Study - The SHIP-Brazil Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of carotid plaque and artery stenosis in China: a population-based study.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Article
- Pulse Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Carotid Plaques in a Rural Chinese Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Burden of Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerosis in Subjects Without Known Cardiovascular Disease in a Large Community Hospital in South-America.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Vascular Age Assessed From an Uncalibrated, Noninvasive Pressure Waveform by Using a Deep Learning Approach: The AI-VascularAge Model.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Combinatorial Use of Machine Learning and Logistic Regression for Predicting Carotid Plaque Risk Among 5.4 Million Adults With Fatty Liver Disease Receiving Health Check-Ups: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Multi-view carotid ultrasound is stronger associated with cardiovascular risk factors than presence of plaque or single carotid intima media thickness measurements in subclinical atherosclerosis.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Low-grade carotid artery stenosis is associated with progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and carotid plaque incidence: a longitudinal study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Nomogram and Carotid Risk Score for Predicting Moderate or High Carotid Atherosclerosis among Asymptomatic Elderly Recycling Volunteers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCarotid plaque and intima-media thickness are non-invasive arterial markers that are used as surrogate end points for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to assess the prevalence and severity of carotid plaque, and examine its determinant risk factors and their association to the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) in a general population.
methodsWe examined 6524 participants aged 25-69 years in the population-based REFINE (Risk Evaluation For INfarct Estimates)-Reykjavik study. Plaques at the bifurcation and internal carotid arteries were evaluated. Mean CCA-IMT was measured in the near and far walls of the common carotid arteries.
resultsThe prevalence of minimal, moderate and severe plaque was 35.0%, 8.9% and 1.1%, respectively, and the mean CCA-IMT was 0.73 (SD 0.14) mm. Age, sex, smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were the strongest risk factors associated with plaque, followed by systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index and family history of myocardial infarct. Low educational level was also strongly and independently associated with plaque. CCA-IMT shared the same risk factors except for a non-significant association with T2DM and family history of myocardial infarction (MI). Participants with T2DM had greater plaque prevalence, 2-fold higher in those <50 years and 17-30% greater in age groups 50-54 to 60-64, and more significant plaques (moderate or severe) were the difference in prevalence was 24% in age group 50-54 and ≥60% in older age groups, compared with non-T2DM.
conclusionsCarotid plaque and CCA-IMT have mostly common determinants. However, T2DM and family history of MI were associated with plaque but not with CCA-IMT. Greater prevalence and more severe plaques in individuals with T2DM raise the concern that with increasing prevalence of T2DM we may expect an increase in atherosclerosis and its consequences.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.