ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Nicotine levels, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking reduction success in real world use: A comparison of cigarette smokers and dual users of both cigarettes and E-cigarettes.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Relative Efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App with a Standard US Clinical Practice Guidelines-Based App for Smoking Cessation in Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: Secondary Findings from a Randomized Trial.Substance use & misuse · 2024Trial
- Twenty-four-hour subjective and pharmacological effects of ad-libitum electronic and combustible cigarette use among dual users.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Reasons for using e-cigarettes among adults who smoke: comparing the findings from the 2016 and 2020 ITC Korea Surveys.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Pain interference among adult dual combustible and electronic tobacco users in terms of perceived barriers for quitting.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Psychosocial predictors of trajectories of dual cigarette and e-cigarette use among young adults in the US.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Dual and poly-use of novel and conventional nicotine and tobacco product use in Europe: Challenges for population health, regulatory policies, and the ways ahead.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A new statistical model for longitudinal ecological momentary assessment data on dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2022Article
- Negative Affect and Cigarette Cessation in Dual Users of Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- The role of electronic cigarette use for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30s: Longitudinal changes and moderated relationships.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Nicotine Dependence and Transitions From Dual Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Evidence From Waves 1-3 of the PATH Study.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2020Article
- Changes in Use Patterns Over 1 Year Among Smokers and Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Observational
- Differences in nicotine intake and effects from electronic and combustible cigarettes among dual users.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Patterns and trends of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2015-2018.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Technology-based contingency management and e-cigarettes during the initial weeks of a smoking quit attempt.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2019Article
- Dual Versus Never Use of E-Cigarettes Among American Indians Who Smoke.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- The Role of Nicotine Dependence in E-Cigarettes' Potential for Smoking Reduction.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- The association between e-cigarette use characteristics and combustible cigarette consumption and dependence symptoms: Results from a national longitudinal study.Addictive behaviors · 2018Article
- An Online Survey of New Zealand Vapers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- E-cigarettes: Impact of E-Liquid Components and Device Characteristics on Nicotine Exposure.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo evaluate how experienced dual users used cigarettes and e-cigarettes in real-world use and under different levels of cigarette availability.
methodsDual users (cigarettes+e-cigarettes; n=74) and a smoke-only group (just cigarettes; n=74) engaged in a 26-day study with two ad lib use intervals, a week of 75% cigarette reduction and three days of 100% cigarette reduction. After a week of ad lib use of products, all participants were asked to reduce smoking by 75% (dual users were free to use their e-cigarettes as they wished), followed by another week of ad lib use. All participants were then asked to reduce smoking by 100% (cessation) for three days. Primary outcomes were biological samples (carbon monoxide, urinary nicotine and cotinine). Participants also provided real-time reports of product use, craving, and withdrawal symptoms using a smartphone app.
resultsDual users did not smoke fewer cigarettes than smoke-only participants during ad lib periods, but quadrupled their use of e-cigarettes during smoking reduction periods. Dual users were significantly more likely to maintain 100% reduction (97.1% vs. 81.2%). Amongst women, dual use was associated with higher nicotine levels and withdrawal suppression. DISCUSSION: Among a group of experienced dual users, e-cigarettes helped maintain smoking reduction and reduced some withdrawal symptoms, although both withdrawal symptoms and nicotine levels varied as a function of gender.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.