ArticleScientific reports2016
GapmeR cellular internalization by macropinocytosis induces sequence-specific gene silencing in human primary T-cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gapmers: Invention and Early History.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Conventional and microfluidic methods: Design and optimization of lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles for gene therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Nanocarriers: Exploring the Potential of Oligonucleotide Delivery.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Review
- Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugation, Chemical Modification, and Carrier-Based Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Disrupting the Interplay between Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 with Spherical Nucleic Acids in Treating Cancer.ACS central science · 2022Article
- Antisense oligonucleotide: A promising therapeutic option to beat COVID-19.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2022Review
- DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide technology for regulating lymphocytes in vivo.Nature communications · 2021Article
- A Benzenesulfonamide-Based Mitochondrial Uncoupler Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Immunogenic Cell Death in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2021Article
- Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles.ACS nano · 2021Review
- Targeting the Conserved Stem Loop 2 Motif in the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Downregulation of MIR100HG Induces Apoptosis in Human Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Cells.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2021Article
- RNA-seq of human T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation identifiesScience translational medicine · 2021Article
- Effect of exercise on peritoneal microenvironment and progression of ovarian cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2021Article
- Review
- Ovarian BDNF promotes survival, migration, and attachment of tumor precursors originated from p53 mutant fallopian tube epithelial cells.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Long noncoding RNAs and exosomal lncRNAs: classification, and mechanisms in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance.Oncogene · 2020Review
- Combination Therapy Using Inhalable GapmeR and Recombinant ACE2 for COVID-19.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Use of GapmeRs for gene expression knockdowns in human primary resting CD4+ T cells.Journal of immunological methods · 2020Article
- Inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase1 affects dengue virus replication.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene silencing holds great promise in discovery research for addressing intricate biological questions and as therapeutics. While various gene silencing approaches, such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 techniques, are available, these cannot be effectively applied to "hard-to-transfect" primary T-lymphocytes. The locked nucleic acid-conjugated chimeric antisense oligonucleotide, called "GapmeR", is an emerging new class of gene silencing molecule. Here, we show that GapmeR internalizes into human primary T-cells through macropinocytosis. Internalized GapmeR molecules can associate with SNX5-positive macropinosomes in T-cells, as detected by super-resolution microscopy. Utilizing the intrinsic self-internalizing capability of GapmeR, we demonstrate significant and specific depletion (>70%) of the expression of 5 different endogenous proteins with varying molecular weights (18 kDa Stathmin, 80 kDa PKCε, 180 kDa CD11a, 220 kDa Talin1 and 450 kDa CG-NAP/AKAP450) in human primary and cultured T-cells. Further functional analysis confirms CG-NAP and Stathmin as regulators of T-cell motility. Thus, in addition to screening, identifying or verifying critical roles of various proteins in T-cell functioning, this study provides novel opportunities to silence individual or multiple genes in a subset of purified human primary T-cells that would be exploited as future therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.