ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2016
Sex in Context: Limitations of Animal Studies for Addressing Human Sex/Gender Neurobehavioral Health Disparities.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review.Science progressPooled it
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- Tuning viscoelasticity of dynamic covalent hydrogels for human tissue modeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Ten simple rules for queer data collection and analysis by STEM researchers.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The power-and complexity-of policy to drive advances in women's health.Science advances · 2025Review
- Designing and Teaching Courses on Sex, Gender, and the Brain: Two Implementations in the Undergraduate Classroom.Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Gestational exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a socially monogamous rodent species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster).Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2023Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome activation increases brain oxidative stress after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats.The International journal of neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Multidimensionality in Epidemiologic Research.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Sex and estrous cycle affect experience-dependent plasticity in mouse primary visual cortex.PloS one · 2023Article
- Fairly Criticized, or Politicized? Conflicts in the Neuroscience of Sex Differences in the Human Brain.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- Female-specific role of ciliary neurotrophic factor in the medial amygdala in promoting stress responses.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Cigarette smoke and nicotine effects on behavior in HIV transgenic rats.Behavioural brain research · 2022Article
- Teaching About Sex and Gender in Neuroscience: More Than Meets the "XY".Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Contextualising sex and gender research to improve women's health: An early- and mid-career researcher perspective.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Reflections on Neurofeminism and Intersectionality Using Insights From Psychology.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Various aspects of sex and gender bias in biomedical research.Physiological research · 2020Review
- A novel mouse model for vulnerability to alcohol dependence induced by early-life adversity.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many brain and behavioral disorders differentially affect men and women. The new National Institutes of Health requirement to include both male and female animals in preclinical studies aims to address such health disparities, but we argue that the mandate is not the best solution to this problem. Sex differences are highly species-specific, tied to the mating system and social ecology of a given species or even strain of animal. In many cases, animals poorly replicate male-female differences in brain-related human diseases. Sex/gender disparities in human health have a strong sociocultural component that is intimately entangled with biological sex and challenging to model in animals. We support research that investigates sex-related variables in hypothesis-driven studies of animal brains and behavior. However, institutional policies that require sex analysis and give it special salience over other sources of biological variance can distort research. We caution that the costly imposition of sex analysis on nearly all animal research entrenches the presumption that human brain and behavioral differences are largely biological in origin and overlooks the potentially more powerful social, psychological, and cultural contributors to male-female neurobehavioral health gaps.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.