ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2016
Considering Sex as a Biological Variable Will Be Valuable for Neuroscience Research.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex bias consideration in healthcare machine-learning research: a systematic review in rheumatoid arthritis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in hemispheric processing of faces in humans: A meta-analysis of 817 cases.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications.eLife · 2020Pooled it
- Empirical assessment of changing sample-characteristics in task-fMRI over two decades: An example from gustatory and food studies.Human brain mapping · 2020Pooled it
- Setting up a clinical trial for a novel disease: a case study of the Doxycycline for the Treatment of Nodding Syndrome Trial - challenges, enablers and lessons learned.Global health action · 2018Trial
- Unpacking Ventral Pallidum GABA Neuron Contributions to Opioid Drug Reward in Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Differences between males and females in psychostimulant/sucrose self-administration (when observed) may not necessarily be driven by biological sex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nucleus accumbens medial shell D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons signal the valence of conditioned stimuli in a sex-dependent manner.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on heroin intravenous self-administration by heterogeneous stock rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sensitive windows, sensitive outcomes: Early or late-postnatal maternal separation differentially impacts puberty and behavior.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Impact of Sex on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration by Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuron-specific epigenetic repression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effects of Sex Differences on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Safety Learning in C57BL/6J Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Oral Health: A Narrative Review of Hormonal Influences and Disease Patterns.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex and Stress Govern the Function and Innervation of a Basolateral Amygdala to Nucleus Accumbens Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/GABA-Expressing Projection.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Anticonvulsant effects, safety, and sex-dependent molecular signatures of cannabidiol treatment in a preclinical model of audiogenic epilepsy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Stand-on ride-on power mobility devices for children with cerebral palsy: pilot study protocol for waitlist-control pre-post biomechanical changes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Synaptic mechanisms for differential severity of social preference deficits in male and female mice induced by diminished activity-dependent BDNF.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective effects of naringenin on nicotine-induced anxiety and depression: Involvement of monoaminergic systems, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation on male rats.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The recently implemented National Institutes of Health policy requiring that grant applicants consider sex as a biological variable in the design of basic and preclinical animal research studies has prompted considerable discussion within the neuroscience community. Here, we present reasons to be optimistic that this new policy will be valuable for neuroscience, and we suggest some ways for neuroscientists to think about incorporating sex as a variable in their research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.