Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27881409›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2016

Intake of individual saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: two prospective longitudinal cohort studies.

Geng Zong, Yanping Li, Anne J Wanders, Marjan Alssema, Peter L Zock, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, Qi Sun

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05778656 (Cardiovascular Risk Prevention With a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat), which is not on this map. Cited by 131 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
23.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05778656 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Cardiovascular Risk Prevention With a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat (CADIMED): Randomized Controlled Dietary Intervention Study With Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Analyses

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidad de GranadaRan2023 to 2025Enrolled157ConditionsLDL CholesterolArmsCardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.

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71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Geng ZongDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Yanping LiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Anne J WandersUnilever Research and Development, 3133AT, Vlaardingen, Netherlands.
Marjan AlssemaUnilever Research and Development, 3133AT, Vlaardingen, Netherlands.
Peter L ZockUnilever Research and Development, 3133AT, Vlaardingen, Netherlands.
Walter C WillettDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Frank B HuDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Qi SunDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA qisun@hsph.harvard.edu.
Harvard University · USUnilever (Netherlands) · NLBrigham and Women's Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate the association between long term intake of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and the risk of coronary heart disease, in two large cohort studies.

designProspective, longitudinal cohort study.

settingHealth professionals in the United States.

participants73 147 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012) and 42 635 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010), who were free of major chronic diseases at baseline.

main outcome measureIncidence of coronary heart disease (n=7035) was self-reported, and related deaths were identified by searching National Death Index or through report of next of kin or postal authority. Cases were confirmed by medical records review.

resultsMean intake of SFAs accounted for 9.0-11.3% energy intake over time, and was mainly composed of lauric acid (12:0), myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0; 8.8-10.7% energy). Intake of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 were highly correlated, with Spearman correlation coefficients between 0.38 and 0.93 (all P<0.001). Comparing the highest to the lowest groups of individual SFA intakes, hazard ratios of coronary heart disease were 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.15; P

conclusionsHigher dietary intakes of major SFAs are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Owing to similar associations and high correlations among individual SFAs, dietary recommendations for the prevention of coronary heart disease should continue to focus on replacing total saturated fat with more healthy sources of energy.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCoronary DiseaseEnergy IntakeFatty AcidsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth PersonnelHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesFatty Acids

Identifiers

PMID27881409
PMCPMC5121105
OpenAlexW2553787900

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.