ArticlePloS one2016
Highly Divergent Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from the Environment.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile contamination in healthcare and non-healthcare environments: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Phylogenomic analysis of the collagen-like BclA proteins inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Isolation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Insights into the Interaction BetweenJournal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Diversity ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Culture-independent detection of low-abundantApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Comparative Genomics of Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Comparative genome analyses of clinical and non-clinicalFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Antibiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a real-world disproportionality study of the FDA adverse event reporting system from 2004 to 2022.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- Biogeographic distribution and molecular epidemiology ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- A local-scale One Health genomic surveillance ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Ribotyping of Clostridioides difficile in the Liberec Regional Hospital: a tertiary health care facility.Folia microbiologica · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Novel ribotype/sequence type associations and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems in environmental Clostridioides difficile strains from northern Iraq.FEMS microbiology letters · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Toxin-Encoding Genes ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is one of the most important human and animal pathogens. However, the bacterium is ubiquitous and can be isolated from various sources. Here we report the prevalence and characterization of C. difficile in less studied environmental samples, puddle water (n = 104) and soil (n = 79). C. difficile was detected in 14.4% of puddle water and in 36.7% of soil samples. Environmental strains displayed antimicrobial resistance patterns comparable to already published data of human and animal isolates. A total of 480 isolates were grouped into 34 different PCR ribotypes. More than half of these (52.9%; 18 of 34) were already described in humans or animals. However, 14 PCR ribotypes were new in our PCR ribotype library and all but one were non-toxigenic. The multilocus sequence analysis of these new PCR ribotypes revealed that non-toxigenic environmental isolates are phylogenetically distinct and belong to three highly divergent clades, two of which have not been described before. Our data suggest that environment is a potential reservoir of genetically diverse population of C. difficile.
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Registered trials
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