ArticlemBio2016
Mucosal BCG Vaccination Induces Protective Lung-Resident Memory T Cell Populations against Tuberculosis.
Article in mBio, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Tissue-resident-like CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17 control Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human lung.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- BCG revaccination boosts adaptive polyfunctional Th1/Th17 and innate effectors in IGRA+ and IGRA- Indian adults.JCI insight · 2019Trial
- The Paediatric BCG Vaccine Century: From Historical Success to Future Innovations.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Article
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis: from immunological mechanisms to translational applications.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Antigen-experienced airway CD8Science advances · 2026Article
- Mucosal BCG Vaccination and Immune Layering: Route-Dependent Programming of Immunity at the Respiratory Interface.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- An ESAT-6-convergent prime-boost vaccination combining recombinant BCG expressing Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 and ESAT-6/GLA-SE improves TB protection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Peptide nanofibers and PAMP agonist combinations enhance pulmonary CD4Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Intranasal Vaccination with a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 6 Encoding SapM Confers Protection Against Tuberculosis.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Improved immune responses and tuberculosis protection by aerosol vaccination with recombinant BCG expressing ESX-1 from Mycobacterium marinum.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- B cells and iBALT in TB immunity & pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fermentable fiber supplementation in pigs promotes anti-parasitic defense mechanisms and impacts parasite growth inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and protective potential of a mucosal protein-only vaccine candidate for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Alpha-galactosylceramide as mRNA vaccine adjuvant modulates cellular immunity against tuberculosis and contributes to antigen-specific lung-associated T cells with a TRM-associated phenotype following prime-pull strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Alterations in the Immune Response in Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Finding and filling the knowledge gaps in mechanisms of T cell-mediated TB immunity to inform vaccine design.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- BCG Vaccine-Induced Innate and Adaptive Pulmonary Immunity Correlating with Protective Efficacy AgainstVaccines · 2025Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet its moderate efficacy against pulmonary TB calls for improved vaccination strategies. Mucosal BCG vaccination generates superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. Tissue-resident memory T (T IMPORTANCE: BCG remains the only licensed vaccine against TB. Parenterally administered BCG has variable efficacy against pulmonary TB, and thus, improved prevention strategies and a more refined understanding of correlates of vaccine protection are required. Induction of memory T cells has been shown to be essential for protective TB vaccines. Mimicking the natural infection route by mucosal vaccination has been known to generate superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection have remained elusive. Here we performed an in-depth analysis to dissect the immunological mechanisms associated with superior mucosal protection in the mouse model of TB. We found that mucosal, and not subcutaneous, BCG vaccination generates lung-resident memory T cell populations that confer protection against pulmonary TB. We establish a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of these populations, providing a framework for future vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.