ReviewNeuroscience bulletin2016
Risks Associated with Misuse of Ketamine as a Rapid-Acting Antidepressant.
Review in Neuroscience bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Appropriate Combination of Nalbuphine Combined With Esketamine for Weakly Opioid Anesthesia in Postlaparoscopic Cholecystectomy Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2026Trial
- Ketamine metabolites, clinical response, and gamma power in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial for treatment-resistant major depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Article
- Hepatobiliary Complications Associated With Ketamine Use: Clinical Insights and Future Directions.Cureus · 2025Review
- Novel and Emerging Treatments for Agitation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neuroprotection vs. Neurotoxicity: The Dual Impact of Brain Lipids in Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Research trends in esketamine for depression over the past decade: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Is there a risk of esketamine misuse in clinical practice?Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Review
- GluN2A: A Promising Target for Developing Novel Antidepressants.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Ketamine for major depressive disorder during an inpatient psychiatric admission: Effectiveness, adverse events, and lessons learned.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- CB1 Receptor Silencing Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion Without Compromising Its Antidepressant-Like Effects.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Article
- Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Characterizing brain dynamics during ketamine-induced dissociation and subsequent interactions with propofol using human intracranial neurophysiology.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Use of ketamine for depression and suicidality in cancer and terminal patients: Review of current data.AIMS public health · 2023Review
- Review
- Effects of subanesthetic ketamine and (2R,6R) hydroxynorketamine on working memory and synaptic transmission in the nucleus reuniens in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Ketamine use in relation to depressive symptoms among high school seniors.The American journal on addictions · 2022Article
- The Rapid and Long-Lasting Antidepressant Effects of Iridoid Fraction inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine differentially affect memory as a function of dosing frequency.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. Conventional antidepressants take at least several weeks to achieve a therapeutic response and this lag period has hindered their ability to attain beneficial effects in depressed individuals at high risk of suicide. The non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to have rapid antidepressant effects in both rodents and humans. The emergence of ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant provides promising new insights into the development of a rapid treatment response in patients with clinical depression. However, its safety and toxicity remain a concern. In this review, we focus on the limitations of ketamine, including neurotoxicity, cognitive dysfunction, adverse events associated with mental status, psychotomimetic effects, cardiovascular events, and uropathic effects. Studies have shown that its safety and tolerability profiles are generally good at low doses and with short-term treatment in depressed patients. The adverse events associated with ketamine usually occur with very high doses that are administered for prolonged periods of time and can be relieved by cessation. The antidepressant actions of its two enantiomers, S-ketamine (esketamine) and R-ketamine, are also discussed. R-ketamine has greater antidepressant actions than S-ketamine, without ketamine-related side-effects. Future treatment strategies should consider using R-ketamine for the treatment of depressed patients to decrease the risk of adverse events associated with long-term ketamine use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.