ArticleVaccine2017
Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings: An evaluation of the test-negative design.
Article in Vaccine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Trial
- Programmatic Effectiveness of a Pediatric Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai, India.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Typhoid conjugate vaccine effectiveness in Malawi: evaluation of a test-negative design using randomised, controlled clinical trial data.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Trial
- An evaluation of a test-negative design for EV-71 vaccine from a randomized controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Diarrheal Etiology and Impact of Coinfections on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Estimates in a Clinical Trial of a Monovalent Human-Bovine (116E) Oral Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotavac, India.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Molecular epidemiology of DS-1-like G1P[8] rotavirus strains in Vietnam, 2012-2016: Evolutionary dynamics of an unusual rotavirus reassortant.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Stratified By National-Level Characteristics: An Introduction to the 24-Country MNSSTER-V Project, 2007-2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Test-Negative Design for COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Using Randomized Trial Data: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 5 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Designs for Vaccine Studies.Annual review of statistics and its application · 2025Article
- Impact of rotavirus vaccination in Malawi from 2012 to 2022 compared to model predictions.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of EV-A71 Vaccine and Its Impact on the Incidence of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Hypothesis testing and sample size considerations for the test-negative design.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Impact of rotavirus vaccination in Malawi from 2012 to 2022 compared to model predictions before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring Natural Immune Responses toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hypothesis testing and sample size considerations for the test-negative design.Research square · 2023Article
- Gateway to Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in India and Beyond-Programmatic Effectiveness of a Public Sector Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Double Negative Control Inference in Test-Negative Design Studies of Vaccine Effectiveness.ArXiv · 2023Article
- Evaluation of BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness in Malaysia: test negative case-control study.Vaccine · 2022Article
- Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case-Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe test-negative design (TND), an epidemiologic method currently used to measure rotavirus vaccine (RV) effectiveness, compares the vaccination status of rotavirus-positive cases and rotavirus-negative controls meeting a pre-defined case definition for acute gastroenteritis. Despite the use of this study design in low-income settings, the TND has not been evaluated to measure rotavirus vaccine effectiveness.
methodsThis study builds upon prior methods to evaluate the use of the TND for influenza vaccine using a randomized controlled clinical trial database. Test-negative vaccine effectiveness (VE-TND) estimates were derived from three large randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of monovalent (RV1) and pentavalent (RV5) rotavirus vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Derived VE-TND estimates were compared to the original RCT vaccine efficacy estimates (VE-RCTs). The core assumption of the TND (i.e., rotavirus vaccine has no effect on rotavirus-negative diarrhea) was also assessed.
resultsTND vaccine effectiveness estimates were nearly equivalent to original RCT vaccine efficacy estimates. Neither RV had a substantial effect on rotavirus-negative diarrhea.
conclusionsThis study supports the TND as an appropriate epidemiologic study design to measure rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.