ArticleBMC veterinary research2016
H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses from the US 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of mechanistic models used to study avian influenza virus transmission and control.Veterinary research · 2023Pooled it
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- Pooled it
- Distinct infectivity, pathogenicity, and adaptive evolution of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens in Taiwan.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Host Factors Potentially Contributing to Increased Susceptibility in Certain Layer Chicken Lines.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Viral shedding and environmental dispersion of two clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in experimentally infected mule ducks: implications for environmental sampling.Veterinary research · 2024Article
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- Article
- Modeling long-distance airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza carried by dust particles.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Evaluation of Feedstuffs as a Potential Carrier of Avian Influenza Virus between Feed Mills and Poultry Farms.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl.Veterinary microbiology · 2021Article
- Age-Associated Changes in Recombinant H5 Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin Tissue Binding in Domestic Poultry Species.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Mutations in PB1, NP, HA, and NA Contribute to Increased Virus Fitness of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4 in Chickens.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Recombinant hemagglutinin glycoproteins provide insight into binding to host cells by H5 influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds.Virology · 2020Article
- The pathogenesis of a North American H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 group A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata).BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- A tracing method of airborne bacteria transmission across built environments.Building and environment · 2019Article
- Airborne transmission may have played a role in the spread of 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the United States.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrom December 2014 through June 2015, the US experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak to date. Most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an H5N2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 Eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from North American wild waterfowl low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. The outbreak primarily affected turkeys and table-egg layer type chickens. Three isolates were selected for characterization in turkeys: the US index isolate from December 2014 (A/northern pintail/WA/40964/2014), and two poultry isolates from April 2015 (A/chicken/IA/13388/2015 and A/turkey/MN/12528/2015).
resultsFour week old broad-breasted white turkeys were inoculated with one of three doses (10
conclusionsThe unusually long mean death times, high levels of virus in feces, and increased adaptation of the later viruses may have contributed to the rapid spread of the virus during the peak of the outbreak.
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