Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27875981›Full record

ArticleBMC bioinformatics2016

A statistical model for the analysis of beta values in DNA methylation studies.

Leonie Weinhold, Simone Wahl, Sonali Pechlivanis, Per Hoffmann, Matthias Schmid

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC bioinformatics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Promoter Methylation-Expression Coupling of Gliogenesis Genes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Leonie WeinholdDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, D-53127, Germany. weinhold@imbie.uni-bonn.de.
Simone WahlResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherber, D-85764, Germany.
Sonali PechlivanisDepartment of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45122, Germany.
Per HoffmannHuman Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstr. 20, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland.
Matthias SchmidDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, D-53127, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe analysis of DNA methylation is a key component in the development of personalized treatment approaches. A common way to measure DNA methylation is the calculation of beta values, which are bounded variables of the form M/(M+U) that are generated by Illumina's 450k BeadChip array. The statistical analysis of beta values is considered to be challenging, as traditional methods for the analysis of bounded variables, such as M-value regression and beta regression, are based on regularity assumptions that are often too strong to adequately describe the distribution of beta values.

resultsWe develop a statistical model for the analysis of beta values that is derived from a bivariate gamma distribution for the signal intensities M and U. By allowing for possible correlations between M and U, the proposed model explicitly takes into account the data-generating process underlying the calculation of beta values. Using simulated data and a real sample of DNA methylation data from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, we demonstrate that the proposed model fits our data significantly better than beta regression and M-value regression.

conclusionThe proposed model contributes to an improved identification of associations between beta values and covariates such as clinical variables and lifestyle factors in epigenome-wide association studies. It is as easy to apply to a sample of beta values as beta regression and M-value regression.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalAgedAgingBehaviorCohort StudiesComputer SimulationCpG IslandsDNA MethylationHumansMiddle AgedSmokingBounded response variablesDNA methylationGamma RegressionGradient BoostingHumanMethylation450k BeadChip

Identifiers

PMID27875981
PMCPMC5120494

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.