ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
CD4+ T Cells Are as Protective as CD8+ T Cells against Rickettsia typhi Infection by Activating Macrophage Bactericidal Activity.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rickettsial Diseases and Vaccines: Is There an Opportunity for Plant-Made Vaccine Technology?Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Review
- Rickettsiosis: existing advances and future opportunities for the development of vaccines.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Phosphatidylserine-binding receptor, CD300f, on macrophages mediates host invasion of pathogenic and non-pathogenic rickettsiae.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- In silico construction of a multi-epitope vaccine (RGME-VAC/ATS-1) against the Rickettsia genus using immunoinformatics.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Vaccine development: obligate intracellular bacteria new tools, old pathogens: the current state of vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Inflammatory cytokine profile and T cell responses in African tick bite fever patients.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Pathogenic, but Not Nonpathogenic,mBio · 2021Article
- Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The neglected challenge: Vaccination against rickettsiae.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Neuroinflammation associated with scrub typhus and spotted fever group rickettsioses.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Global Transcriptomic Profiling of Pulmonary Gene Expression in an Experimental Murine Model ofGenes · 2019Article
- Serum cytokine responses in Rickettsia felis infected febrile children, Ghana.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2018Article
- Typhus Group Rickettsiosis, Germany, 2010-2017Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Immune response against rickettsiae: lessons from murine infection models.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2017Review
- Cytotoxic effector functions of T cells are not required for protective immunity against fatal Rickettsia typhi infection in a murine model of infection: Role of TH1 and TH17 cytokines in protection and pathology.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Rickettsia typhi infection in severe fever with thrombocytopenia patients, China.Emerging microbes & infectionsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rickettsia typhi is an intracellular bacterium that causes endemic typhus, a febrile disease that can be fatal due to complications including pneumonia, hepatitis and meningoencephalitis, the latter being a regular outcome in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon Rickettsia typhi infection. Here, we show that CD4+ TH1 cells that are generated in C57BL/6 mice upon R. typhi infection are as protective as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. CD4+- as well as CD8+-deficient C57BL/6 survived the infection without showing symptoms of disease at any point in time. Moreover, adoptively transferred CD8+ and CD4+ immune T cells entered the CNS of C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice with advanced infection and both eradicated the bacteria. However, immune CD4+ T cells protected only approximately 60% of the animals from death. They induced the expression of iNOS in infiltrating macrophages as well as in resident microglia in the CNS which can contribute to bacterial killing but also accelerate pathology. In vitro immune CD4+ T cells inhibited bacterial growth in infected macrophages which was in part mediated by the release of IFNγ. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CD4+ T cells are as protective as CD8+ T cells against R. typhi, provided that CD4+ TH1 effector cells are present in time to support bactericidal activity of phagocytes via the release of IFNγ and other factors. With regard to vaccination against TG Rickettsiae, our findings suggest that the induction of CD4+ TH1 effector cells is sufficient for protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.