ReviewActa ophthalmologica2018
Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases.
Review in Acta ophthalmologica, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Levosulpiride for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial.Eye (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Placental Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease-Selective Signaling and Mechanistic Rationale for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Correlation between aqueous humour cytokine and imaging biomarker in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion-Macular Edema.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Loss of mitochondrial DNA helicase in retinal macroglia drives neovascular retinopathy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Combined Therapy Versus Fortified Anti-VEGF Monotherapy in Type C Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Long-Term Outcomes and Exploratory Biomarker Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Olink Proteomic Profiling of Vitreous Humor and Plasma From Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Identifies a Novel Inflammatory Molecular Endotype.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Placental growth factor modulates endothelial NO production and exacerbates experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Phase 1b Dose Escalation Study of Sozinibercept Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors C and D With Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Placental growth factor mediates pathological uterine angiogenesis by activating the NFAT5-SGK1 signaling axis in the endometrium: implications for preeclampsia development.Biological research · 2024Article
- Article
- Switch to faricimab after initial treatment with aflibercept in eyes with diabetic macular edema.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Crosstalk Between Microglia and Müller Glia in the Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role and Therapeutic Value of Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Excessive endometrial PlGF- Rac1 signalling underlies endometrial cell stiffness linked to pre-eclampsia.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Analytical and Functional Similarity of Aflibercept Biosimilar ABP 938 with Aflibercept Reference Product.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Diabetic Disease of the Eye in Canada: Consensus Statements from a Retina Specialist Working Group.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Aflibercept Off-Target Effects in Diabetic Macular Edema: An In Silico Modeling Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Anti-angiogenic and antioxidant effects of axitinib in human retinal endothelial cells: implications in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Intravitreal conbercept injection with panretinal photocoagulation for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- An examination of the mechanisms driving the therapeutic effects of an AAV expressing a soluble variant of VEGF receptor-1.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis-dependent pathologies in the eye and non-ocular conditions. Animal studies using genetic modification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role of PGF in pathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF-specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases and macular oedema remain controversial. Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits both VEGF and PGF may provide superior outcomes in certain patients compared with treatment that inhibits only VEGF. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.