ArticleScientific reports2016
Silymarin attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation via simultaneous inhibition of autophagy and ERK/p38 MAPK pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04394208 (Trial of Silymarin in Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial of Silymarin in Adults With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research on the Mechanism of Natural Products Acting on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of the ageing lung: 10 years later.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Research advances in polyphenols from Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Natural autophagy modulators in non-communicable diseases: from autophagy mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Article
- Rosuvastatin attenuates total-tau serum levels and increases expression of miR-124-3p in dyslipidemic Alzheimer's patients: a historic cohort study.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Protective effect of the total alkaloid extract from BulbusFood & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Association Between the Serum Phosphate Levels and Hospital Mortality as Well as 90-Day Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Polyphenols as Therapeutics in Respiratory Diseases: Moving from Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Phosphate induces inflammation and exacerbates injury from cigarette smoke in the bronchial epithelium.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exogenous Lipoxin A4 attenuates IL4-induced Mucin Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Role of autophagy in lung diseases and ageing.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced renal cell apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in a PPARγ-dependent manner.Renal failure · 2022Article
- The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Revealing the pathogenic and ageing-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2022Review
- Polyphenols, flavonoids and inflammasomes: the role of cigarette smoke in COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributing to airway inflammation. Our previous study revealed that silymarin had an anti-inflammatory effect in CS-exposed mice. In this study, we attempt to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of silymarin in CS extract (CSE)-induced inflammation using human bronchial epithelial cells. Silymarin significantly suppressed autophagy activation and the activity of ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in Beas-2B cells. We also observed that inhibiting the activity of ERK with specific inhibitor U0126 led to reduced autophagic level, while knockdown of autophagic gene Beclin-1 and Atg5 decreased the levels of ERK and p38 phosphorylation. Moreover, silymarin attenuated CSE-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 which could also be dampened by ERK/p38 MAPK inhibitors and siRNAs for Beclin-1 and Atg5. Finally, we validated decreased levels of both autophagy and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and KC) in CS-exposed mice after silymarin treatment. The present research has demonstrated that CSE-induced autophagy in bronchial epithelia, in synergism with ERK MAPK pathway, may initiate and exaggerate airway inflammation. Silymarin could attenuate inflammatory responses through intervening in the crosstalk between autophagy and ERK MAPK pathway, and might be an ideal agent treating inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.