ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2016
Fungal Enolase, β-Tubulin, and Chitin Are Detected in Brain Tissue from Alzheimer's Disease Patients.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between environmental mold exposure and mild cognitive impairment in older adults: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Exploring the Link Between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease-Could a Nanoparticulate Vaccine Break It?Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Detection of fungal sequences in human brain: rDNA locus amplification and deep sequencing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Amyloid and Tau as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Review
- Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical evidence of human pathogens implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology and the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials: an overview.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Review
- Does Dementia Have a Microbial Cause?NeuroSci · 2022Review
- The roles of fungus in CNS autoimmune and neurodegeneration disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- The Association Between Anemia of Chronic Inflammation and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2020Article
- Microbial involvement in Alzheimer disease development and progression.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2020Review
- Polymicrobial interactions involving fungi and their importance for the environment and in human disease.Microbial pathogenesis · 2020Review
- Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fungi and Bacteria in Brain Tissue.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Article
- Microglia and amyloid precursor protein coordinate control of transient Candida cerebritis with memory deficits.Nature communications · 2019Article
- In-vitro Detection of Phytopathogenic Fungal Cell Wall by Polyclonal Sera Raised Against Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Brain Microbiota in Huntington's Disease Patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent findings provide evidence that fungal structures can be detected in brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against whole fungal cells. In the present work, we have developed and tested specific antibodies that recognize the fungal proteins, enolase and β-tubulin, and an antibody that recognizes the fungal polysaccharide chitin. Consistent with our previous studies, a number of rounded yeast-like and hyphal structures were detected using these antibodies in brain sections from AD patients. Some of these structures were intracellular and, strikingly, some were found to be located inside nuclei from neurons, whereas other fungal structures were detected extracellularly. Corporya amylacea from AD patients also contained enolase and β-tubulin as revealed by these selective antibodies, but were devoid of fungal chitin. Importantly, brain sections from control subjects were usually negative for staining with the three antibodies. However, a few fungal structures can be observed in some control individuals. Collectively, these findings indicate the presence of two fungal proteins, enolase and β-tubulin, and the polysaccharide chitin, in CNS tissue from AD patients. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that AD is caused by disseminated fungal infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.