ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2016
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the 12-Item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale among Blacks and Whites.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selecting a depression measure for research: A critical examination of five common self-report scales.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Review
- Redeveloping Low-Income Communities and Residents' Mental Health: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Watts, Los Angeles.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- A Segmented Regression Analysis of Household Income and Recurrent Falls Among Adults in a National Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Diversity in Population Neuroscience.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Context-relevant risk and protective factors for children in rural communities: Long-term implications for adulthood educational and mental health outcomes.Journal of community psychology · 2023Article
- Dimensionality and differential item endorsement of depressive symptoms among aging Black populations in South Africa: Findings from the HAALSI study.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Article
- Neuroticism polygenic risk score predicts 20-year burden of depressive symptoms for Whites but not Blacks.Journal of medical research and innovation · 2020Article
- A tangled web: The reciprocal relationship between depression and educational outcomes in China.Social science research · 2020Article
- The factor structure of the Center for Epidemiological Study - Depression Scale in people with multiple sclerosis.F1000Research · 2020Article
- Being Married Increases Life Expectancy of White but Not Black Americans.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2019Article
- Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Educational Attainment Better Protects African American Women than African American Men Against Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress.Brain sciences · 2018Article
- The Protective Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Depression.Mindfulness · 2018Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem in White and Black Older Adults in the United States.Brain sciences · 2018Article
- Depressive Symptoms Increase the Risk of Mortality for White but Not Black Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Discrimination Fully Mediates the Effects of Incarceration History on Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress Among African American Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2018Article
- Assessing the dimensionality of the CES-D using multi-dimensional multi-level Rasch models.PloS one · 2018Article
- Psychiatric Disorders Differently Correlate with Physical Self-Rated Health across Ethnic Groups.Journal of personalized medicine · 2017Article
- Positive and Negative Affect More Concurrent among Blacks than Whites.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Factor Analysis of the CES-D 12 among a Community Sample of Black Men.American journal of men's healthArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is one of the most widely used tools to measure depressive symptoms in epidemiological studies. Given the importance of cross-racial measurement equivalence of the CES-D scale for research, we performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 12-item CES-D in a nationally representative sample of Black and White adults in the United States.
methodsWe used data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2001-2003. A total number of 3570 Blacks (African-Americans) and 891 non-Hispanic Whites were included in the present study. CFA was carried out on the 12-item CES-D scale using multi-group structural equation modeling.
resultsFor both Blacks and Whites, the best fitting model was found to be the 3-factor model, indicating invariance of factor structure between Blacks and Whites. A statistically different fit of the models with and without constraints indicated lack of invariance of factor loadings between Blacks and Whites. Some of the positive (i.e., "
conclusionThere is invariance in factor structure but lack of invariance in factor/item loadings between Blacks and Whites. These findings have implications for cross-racial studies of depressive symptoms using CES-D scale among Blacks and Whites. Further research is warranted to scrutinize the role of socioeconomics and culture in explaining the lack of invariance of the CES-D scale between Blacks and Whites.
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