ArticleScientific reports2016
Hierarchical effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the post-influenza susceptibility to pneumococcal coinfection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05378022 (Application of LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Disease in Children Infected With Influenza Virus), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Application of LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Disease in Children Infected With Influenza Virus
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current insights into bacterial secondary infection following influenza A virus infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Invariant set theory for predicting potential failure of antibiotic cycling.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of co-infections.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Co-infection in unvaccinated infants with acute pertussis in Western China (2018-2019): pathogen distribution and impact on disease severity.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Predicting Influenza A Virus Infection in the Lung from Hematological Data with Machine Learning.mSystems · 2022Article
- Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Secondary infection withFEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Computational simulations to dissect the cell immune response dynamics for severe and critical cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2021Article
- Transkingdom Interactions Important for the Pathogenesis of Human Viruses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Cytokine expression patterns in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis, Rhinovirus or co-infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Flu Virus Attenuates Memory Clearance ofiScience · 2020Article
- Resolved Influenza A Virus Infection Has Extended Effects on Lung Homeostasis and Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Topological data analysis to model the shape of immune responses during co-infections.Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation · 2020Article
- Influenza species and subtypes circulation among hospitalized patients in Laleh hospital during two influenza seasonal (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) using a multiplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction.Infectious disease reports · 2020Article
- Complement-Independent Modulation of Influenza A Virus Infection by Factor H.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The annexin A1/FPR2 signaling axis expands alveolar macrophages, limits viral replication, and attenuates pathogenesis in the murine influenza A virus infection model.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Double-Edged Role of Interleukin 17A in Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis During Influenza Virus Coinfection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the course of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, a secondary bacterial infection frequently leads to serious respiratory conditions provoking high hospitalization and death tolls. Although abundant pro-inflammatory responses have been reported as key contributing factors for these severe dual infections, the relative contributions of cytokines remain largely unclear. In the current study, mathematical modelling based on murine experimental data dissects IFN-γ as a cytokine candidate responsible for impaired bacterial clearance, thereby promoting bacterial growth and systemic dissemination during acute IAV infection. We also found a time-dependent detrimental role of IL-6 in curtailing bacterial outgrowth which was not as distinct as for IFN-γ. Our numerical simulations suggested a detrimental effect of IFN-γ alone and in synergism with IL-6 but no conclusive pathogenic effect of IL-6 and TNF-α alone. This work provides a rationale to understand the potential impact of how to manipulate temporal immune components, facilitating the formulation of hypotheses about potential therapeutic strategies to treat coinfections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.