ArticleGigaScience2016
Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba.
Article in GigaScience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
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Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
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- NGATHA carpel development genes evolved in the common ancestor of seed plants.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Maternal and paternal contributions to seed and seedling traits in Ginkgo Biloba hybrids.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Two Melanthiaceae genomes with dramatic size difference provide insights into giant genome evolution and maintenance.Nature plants · 2025Article
- A long road ahead to reliable and complete medicinal plant genomes.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Identification of a central regulator of ginkgolide biosynthesis inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dual function ofForestry research · 2025Article
- New insights into the evolution and function of the UMAMIT (USUALLY MULTIPLE ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTER) gene family.Journal of plant research · 2025Article
- Investigating adaptation to environmental variability in forest trees through molecular phylogenetic analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of how black barley accumulates higher anthocyanins than blue barley following transcriptomic evaluation and expression analysis of key genes in anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses unveil the accumulation of shikimic acid in the leaves ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Insights from the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the alpine gentian Gentiana straminea Maxim.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2024Article
- The Functional Characterization of MaGS2 and Its Role as a Negative Regulator ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Investigation of a Perspective Urban Tree Species,Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Distribution pattern of large oldEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- The de novo genome of the Black-necked Snakefly (Venustoraphidia nigricollis Albarda, 1891): A resource to study the evolution of living fossils.The Journal of heredity · 2024Article
- Whole-genome sequencing in medicinal plants: current progress and prospect.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGinkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most distinctive plants. It possesses a suite of fascinating characteristics including a large genome, outstanding resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and dioecious reproduction, making it an ideal model species for biological studies. However, the lack of a high-quality genome sequence has been an impediment to our understanding of its biology and evolution.
findingsThe 10.61 Gb genome sequence containing 41,840 annotated genes was assembled in the present study. Repetitive sequences account for 76.58% of the assembled sequence, and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are particularly prevalent. The diversity and abundance of LTR-RTs is due to their gradual accumulation and a remarkable amplification between 16 and 24 million years ago, and they contribute to the long introns and large genome. Whole genome duplication (WGD) may have occurred twice, with an ancient WGD consistent with that shown to occur in other seed plants, and a more recent event specific to ginkgo. Abundant gene clusters from tandem duplication were also evident, and enrichment of expanded gene families indicates a remarkable array of chemical and antibacterial defense pathways.
conclusionsThe ginkgo genome consists mainly of LTR-RTs resulting from ancient gradual accumulation and two WGD events. The multiple defense mechanisms underlying the characteristic resilience of ginkgo are fostered by a remarkable enrichment in ancient duplicated and ginkgo-specific gene clusters. The present study sheds light on sequencing large genomes, and opens an avenue for further genetic and evolutionary research.
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