ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2017
Is trade liberalisation a vector for the spread of sugar-sweetened beverages? A cross-national longitudinal analysis of 44 low- and middle-income countries.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- The use of commercial food purchase data for public health nutrition research: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Adapting Global Dietary Recommendation Indices to Assess Retail Food Environment Quality: Spatial Insights from Rural and Urban Kenya.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Ultra processed foods and their inputs increasingly dominate New Zealand's food and beverage imports: a retrospective analysis.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- Stakeholder perceptions on the impact of trade and investment agreements on nutrition policy space in small island developing states.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Article
- Trade policy reform, retail food prices and access to healthy diets worldwide.World development · 2024Article
- The international diffusion of food innovations and the nutrition transition: retrospective longitudinal evidence from country-level data, 1970-2010.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Impact of educational attainment and economic globalization on obesity in adult females and males: Empirical evidence from BRICS economies.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Does obesity Kuznets curve exist in developing economies? Evidence from 38 African countries based on heterogeneous panel data analysis on income-level classification.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19, Trade, and Health: This Changes Everything? Comment on "What Generates Attention to Health in Trade Policy-Making? Lessons From Success in Tobacco Control and Access to Medicines: A Qualitative Study of Australia and the (Comprehensive and Progressive) Trans-Pacific Partnership".International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Does international trade and investment liberalization facilitate corporate power in nutrition and alcohol policymaking? Applying an integrated political economy and power analysis approach to a case study of South Africa.Globalization and health · 2022Article
- Policy Action Within Urban African Food Systems to Promote Healthy Food Consumption: A Realist Synthesis in Ghana and Kenya.International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
- Ten-year changes in children's oral health disparities: Findings from the 3rd and 4th oral health surveys in Beijing, China.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2021Article
- Did imports of sweetened beverages to Pacific Island countries increase between 2000 and 2015?BMC nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- Size matters: An analysis of cigarette pack sizes across 23 European Union countries using Euromonitor data, 2006 to 2017.PloS one · 2020Article
- Big Tobacco, Alcohol, and Food and NCDs in LMICs: An Inconvenient Truth and Call to Action Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences".International journal of health policy and management · 2019Article
- Power asymmetries in global governance for health: a conceptual framework for analyzing the political-economic determinants of health inequities.Globalization and health · 2019Article
- What is driving global obesity trends? Globalization or "modernization"?Globalization and health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Does trade and investment liberalisation increase the growth in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)? Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we test this hypothesis using a unique data source on SSB-specific trade flows. We test whether lower tariffs effectively increase imports of SSBs, and whether a higher level of imports increase sales of SSBs. Cross-national fixed effects models were used to evaluate the association between SSBs sales and trade liberalisation. SSBs per capita sales data were taken from EuroMonitor, covering 44 low- and middle-income countries from 2001 to 2014, SSBs import data were from TradeMap, Foreign Direct Investment data were from EuroMonitor, and data on applied tariffs on SSB from the World Trade Organisation tariffs database, all 2015 editions. The results show that higher tariffs on SSBs significantly decreased per capita SSB imports. Each one percent increase in tariffs was associated with a 2.9% (95% CI: 0.9%-5%) decrease in imports of SSBs. In turn, increased imports of SSBs were significantly associated with greater sales of SSBs per capita, with each 10 percent increase in imports (in US$) associated with a rise in sales of 0.36 L per person (95% CI: 0.08-0.68). Between 2001 and 2014, this amounted to 9.1 L greater sales per capita, about 40% of the overall rise seen in this period in LMICs. We observed that tariffs were inversely but not significantly associated with sales of SSBs. In conclusion, lower tariffs substantially increased imports of SSBs in LMICs, which translated into greater sales. These findings suggest that trade policies which lower tariff barriers to SSB imports can be expected to lead to increased imports and then increased sales of SSBs in LMICs, with adverse consequences for obesity and the diseases that result from it.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.