SynthesisPloS one2016
Time-Dependent Impact of Irreversible Electroporation on Pancreas, Liver, Blood Vessels and Nerves: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Irreversible Electroporation Parameters on the Size of the Ablation Zone and Thermal Effects: A Systematic Review.Technology in cancer research & treatmentPooled it
- Irreversible electroporation to bring initially unresectable locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma to surgery: the IRECAP phase II study.European radiology · 2024Trial
- Biomaterial-Integrated Electroporation for Therapeutic Delivery: From Gene Editing to Tumor Ablation and Immune Modulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Irreversible Electroporation for the Treatment of Pediatric Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Irreversible Electroporation Enhances Solid Tumor Infiltration and Selective Cancer Cell Lysis by CAR T Cells.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- A review of established and new developments in local therapies for liver cancer.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Irreversible Electroporation in the Treatment of Lesions Near or Involving Gastrointestinal Structures.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Intraoperative irreversible electroporation for margin accentuation in locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case series.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- High-voltage electrical pulses for pancreatic cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Review
- Pancreatic Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis After Irreversible Electroporation: A Histopathological and Thermal Perspective.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Pulsed electric field ablation safety and characterization near sensitive structures in lung: a preclinical and clinical case series study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Transient Lymphatic Remodeling Follows Sub-Ablative High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy in a 4T1 Murine Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Toward Large Ablations With Single-Needle High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation In Vivo.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025Article
- Evaluating the immune response in a murine cancer model between irreversible electroporation and an advanced biphasic pulsed electric field technology.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Biophysics and electrophysiology of pulsed field ablation in normal and infarcted porcine cardiac ventricular tissue.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Last Universal Common Ancestor of Ribosome-Encoding Organisms: Portrait of LUCA.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Review
- Ultrasound-guided percutaneous high-frequency irreversible electroporation in porcine livers using four electrode needles: A feasibility and safety study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy is improved with a novel pulsed electric field technology in an immune-cold murine model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Review
- Acute ATP loss during irreversible electroporation mediates caspase independent cell death.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablation technique in the treatment of unresectable cancer. The non-thermal mechanism is thought to cause mostly apoptosis compared to necrosis in thermal techniques. Both in experimental and clinical studies, a waiting time between ablation and tissue or imaging analysis to allow for cell death through apoptosis, is often reported. However, the dynamics of the IRE effect over time remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to summarize these effects in relation to the time between treatment and evaluation.
methodsA systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for original articles using IRE on pancreas, liver or surrounding structures in animal or human studies. Data on pathology and time between IRE and evaluation were extracted.
resultsOf 2602 screened studies, 36 could be included, regarding IRE in liver (n = 24), pancreas (n = 4), blood vessels (n = 4) and nerves (n = 4) in over 440 animals (pig, rat, goat and rabbit). No eligible human studies were found. In liver and pancreas, the first signs of apoptosis and haemorrhage were observed 1-2 hours after treatment, and remained visible until 24 hours in liver and 7 days in pancreas after which the damaged tissue was replaced by fibrosis. In solitary blood vessels, the tunica media, intima and lumen remained unchanged for 24 hours. After 7 days, inflammation, fibrosis and loss of smooth muscle cells were demonstrated, which persisted until 35 days. In nerves, the median time until demonstrable histological changes was 7 days.
conclusionsTissue damage after IRE is a dynamic process with remarkable time differences between tissues in animals. Whereas pancreas and liver showed the first damages after 1-2 hours, this took 24 hours in blood vessels and 7 days in nerves.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.