SynthesisPloS one2016
Problematic Peer Functioning in Girls with ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Stigmatization of Caregivers of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Family process · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Disability in the Relationship Between Mental Health and Bullying: A Focused, Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The friendships of children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Friendship interventions for children with neurodevelopmental needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Polyvictimization among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity or Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Functional Impairments and Adverse Outcomes Associated with ADHD: A Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Friendship Quality in Children With ADHD Seeking Treatment for Peer Problems: A Comparison of Boy-Boy, Girl-Girl, and Mixed-Gender Dyads.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Identifying Candidate Mediators Linking ADHD Symptoms and Internalising Problems in Adolescence: An Exploratory Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Examination of Sex-Differentiated Correlates of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Sociability, drinking motives, and alcohol use problems among young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Interpersonal needs in relation to depression and suicidal ideation in early adolescents: the moderating roles of ADHD and sex.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Observational
- A Neuropsychological Perspective on ADHD: Quantitative Insights into Working Memory Components.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Article
- ADHD and Sex Differences in School Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Based on Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Peer Preference and Executive Functioning Development: Longitudinal Relations Among Females With and Without ADHD.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Utility for Clinical Practice of a Bifactor ADHD Model in an Elementary School Population in Mexico.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Methylphenidate or Family Mindfulness? Effects on Internalizing, Externalizing and Social Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience many peer interaction problems and are at risk of peer rejection and victimisation. Although many studies have investigated problematic peer functioning in children with ADHD, this research has predominantly focused on boys and studies investigating girls are scant. Those studies that did examine girls, often used a male comparison sample, disregarding the inherent gender differences between girls and boys. Previous studies have highlighted this limitation and recommended the need for comparisons between ADHD females and typical females, in order to elucidate the picture of female ADHD with regards to problematic peer functioning. The aim of this literature review was to gain insight into peer functioning difficulties in school-aged girls with ADHD.
methodsPsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant literature comparing school-aged girls with ADHD to typically developing girls (TDs) in relation to peer functioning. The peer relationship domains were grouped into 'friendship', 'peer status', 'social skills/competence', and 'peer victimisation and bullying'. In total, thirteen studies were included in the review.
resultsAll of the thirteen studies included reported that girls with ADHD, compared to TD girls, demonstrated increased difficulties in the domains of friendship, peer interaction, social skills and functioning, peer victimization and externalising behaviour. Studies consistently showed small to medium effects for lower rates of friendship participation and stability in girls with ADHD relative to TD girls. Higher levels of peer rejection with small to large effect sizes were reported in all studies, which were predicted by girls' conduct problems. Peer rejection in turn predicted poor social adjustment and a host of problem behaviours. Very high levels of peer victimisation were present in girls with ADHD with large effect sizes. Further, very high levels of social impairment and social skills deficits, with large effect sizes, were found across all studies. Levels of pro-social behaviour varied across studies, but were mostly lower in girls with ADHD, with small to large effect sizes. Overall, social disability was significantly higher among girls with ADHD than among TD girls.
conclusionCongruous evidence was found for peer functioning difficulties in the peer relationship domains of friendship, peer status, social skills/competence, and peer victimisation and bullying in girls with ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.