ArticlePLoS computational biology2016
Improved Measures of Integrated Information.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toward a unified taxonomy of information dynamics via Integrated Information Decomposition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Consilience in Causation: Causal Emergence Is Found Across Measures of Causation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Metric for the Entropic Purpose of a System.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A dualist theory of experience.Philosophical studies · 2025Article
- A synergistic workspace for human consciousness revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition.eLife · 2024Article
- Article
- On the non-uniqueness problem in integrated information theory.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023Article
- Simultaneity of consciousness with physical reality: the key that unlocks the mind-matter problem.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- When do parts form wholes? Integrated information as the restriction on mereological composition.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023Article
- Non-Separability of Physical Systems as a Foundation of Consciousness.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Integrated world modeling theory expanded: Implications for the future of consciousness.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2022Article
- On the Operational Utility of Measures of Multichannel EEGs.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Quantifying the Autonomy of Structurally Diverse Automata: A Comparison of Candidate Measures.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Perturbations in dynamical models of whole-brain activity dissociate between the level and stability of consciousness.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Integrated information structure collapses with anesthetic loss of conscious arousal in Drosophila melanogaster.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Growing evidence for separate neural mechanisms for attention and consciousness.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Review
- On the Importance of Being Flexible: Dynamic Brain Networks and Their Potential Functional Significances.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Review
- Examining the Causal Structures of Deep Neural Networks Using Information Theory.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Integrated Information in the Spiking-Bursting Stochastic Model.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Toy Models of Top Down Causation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although there is growing interest in measuring integrated information in computational and cognitive systems, current methods for doing so in practice are computationally unfeasible. Existing and novel integration measures are investigated and classified by various desirable properties. A simple taxonomy of Φ-measures is presented where they are each characterized by their choice of factorization method (5 options), choice of probability distributions to compare (3 × 4 options) and choice of measure for comparing probability distributions (7 options). When requiring the Φ-measures to satisfy a minimum of attractive properties, these hundreds of options reduce to a mere handful, some of which turn out to be identical. Useful exact and approximate formulas are derived that can be applied to real-world data from laboratory experiments without posing unreasonable computational demands.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.