Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27870425›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroscience research2017

Sex and the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Christian J Pike

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroscience research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
230citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
20.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

230 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
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170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christian J PikeLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

Timing of Menopausal Hormone Therapy across Perimenopause to Menopause Transition: Neuroimmune System in BrainP01AG026572 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROBERTA EILEEN BRINTON · 2006 to 2026
$53.7M
Interactions between Testosterone and Type 2 Diabetes in Alzheimer's Disease PathR01AG034103 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PIKE, CHRISTIAN J · 2011 to 2015
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG026572NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The factors underlying the sex differences in AD are not well understood. This Review emphasizes the contributions of sex steroid hormones to the relationship between sex and AD. In women, events that decrease lifetime exposure to estrogens are generally associated with increased AD risk, whereas estrogen-based hormone therapy administered near the time of menopause may reduce AD risk. In men, estrogens do not exhibit age-related reduction and are not significantly associated with AD risk. Rather, normal age-related depletions of testosterone in plasma and brain predict enhanced vulnerability to AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert numerous protective actions in the adult brain that increase neural functioning and resilience as well as specifically attenuating multiple aspects of AD-related neuropathology. Aging diminishes the activational effects of sex hormones in sex-specific manners, which is hypothesized to contribute to the relationship between aging and AD. Sex steroid hormones may also drive sex differences in AD through their organizational effects during developmental sexual differentiation of the brain. Specifically, sex hormone actions during early development may confer inherent vulnerability of the female brain to development of AD in advanced age. The combined effects of organizational and activational effects of sex steroids yield distinct sex differences in AD pathogenesis, a significant variable that must be more rigorously considered in future research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionSex CharacteristicsAlzheimer DiseaseAndrogensAnimalsEstrogensHumansAndrogensEstrogensagingAlzheimer's diseaseestrogenmenopausesex differencestestosterone

Identifiers

PMID27870425
PMCPMC5120614
OpenAlexW2554957493

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.