ArticleScientific reports2016
Endotoxin free hyaluronan and hyaluronan fragments do not stimulate TNF-α, interleukin-12 or upregulate co-stimulatory molecules in dendritic cells or macrophages.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia encapsulation in nanozyme-loaded hydrogels: response to oxidative stress and inflammation.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Hyaluronan in cardiac disease: implications for the extracellular matrix beyond collagen.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic acid-based tissue-engineered biomaterials for infected diabetic foot ulcers: mechanisms, evidence, and translational challenges.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic Acid in Topical Applications: The Various Forms and Biological Effects of a Hero Molecule in the Cosmetics Industry.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Hyaluronic Acid in Immune Response.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid improves regeneration of cystic fibrosis airway epithelium.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Clinical Hyaluronic Acid Fillers.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Hyaluronan: An Architect and Integrator for Cancer and Neural Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
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- Role of Hyaluronic acid and its chemical derivatives in immunity during homeostasis, cancer and tissue regeneration.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Chemical modification of hyaluronan oligosaccharides differentially modulates hyaluronan-hyaladherin interactions.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Pressure sensing of lysosomes enables control of TFEB responses in macrophages.Nature cell biology · 2024Article
- Hyaluronan in the pathogenesis of acute and post-acute COVID-19 infection.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Review
- Skin Cell and Tissue Responses to Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid in Low-Grade Inflammatory Conditions.International journal of inflammation · 2023Article
- Hyaluronan promotes intracellular ROS production and apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated neutrophils.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Selective isolation of hyaluronan by solid phase adsorption to silica.Analytical biochemistry · 2022Article
- Hyaluronic Acid Oligosaccharide Derivatives Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in ATDC5 Cells by Multiple Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Biobridge: An Outlook on Translational Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan, has been described as a regulator of tissue inflammation, with hyaluronan fragments reported to stimulate innate immune cells. High molecular mass hyaluronan is normally present in tissues, but upon inflammation lower molecular mass fragments are generated. It is unclear if these hyaluronan fragments induce an inflammatory response or are a consequence of inflammation. In this study, mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) were stimulated with various sizes of hyaluronan from different sources, fragmented hyaluronan, hyaluronidases and heavy chain modified-hyaluronan (HA-HC). Key pro-inflammatory molecules, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-12, CCL3, and the co-stimulatory molecules, CD40 and CD86 were measured. Only human umbilical cord hyaluronan, bovine testes and Streptomyces hyaluronlyticus hyaluronidase stimulated macrophages and DCs, however, these reagents were found to be contaminated with endotoxin, which was not fully removed by polymyxin B treatment. In contrast, pharmaceutical grade hyaluronan and hyaluronan fragments failed to stimulate in vitro-derived or ex vivo macrophages and DCs, and did not induce leukocyte recruitment after intratracheal instillation into mouse lungs. Hence, endotoxin-free pharmaceutical grade hyaluronan does not stimulate macrophages and DCs in our inflammatory models. These results emphasize the importance of ensuring hyaluronan preparations are endotoxin free.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.