ArticleCell metabolism2016
Glutaminolysis and Fumarate Accumulation Integrate Immunometabolic and Epigenetic Programs in Trained Immunity.
Article in Cell metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 553 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
553 citing papers in PubMed, 816 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity in chronic, relapsing and low-grade joint inflammation.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- The H3K27me3-NR1D1-IFN-γ axis in trained macrophages induced by early respiratory virus infection drives non-T2 asthma in children.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Anisotropic Masked Mycobacterium Potentiates Amplified Antitumor Trained Immunity via Spleen Targeting and Myelopoiesis Conversion.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Fumarate and Its Esters: Physiology, Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diseases, and Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Maturation-Dependent Constraints in the Ability of Human Monocytes to Initiate Trained Immunity.MedComm · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity as a Mechanistic Bridge Between Uremic Toxins, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Itaconation and Succination as Metabolite-Derived Cysteine Modifications in Inflammatory Signalling: Biochemical Mechanisms, Chemoproteomic Mapping, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Reversing Macrophage Immunometabolic Dysfunction in Prolonged Infections Via a Glutaminolysis-Fueled Restoration-Based Hierarchically Selective Therapeutic System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Trained immunity: New insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in diabetes and diabetic complications.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Fuelling repair: metabolic regulation of alveolar type 2 cell fate in lung regeneration and disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting of the Macrophage Metabolic-Epigenetic Interaction Network in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Paratuberculosis vaccination induces a phenotype consistent with trained immunity in bovine neutrophils.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Macrophage trained immunity requires a mitochondrial glutamine-restriction checkpoint for antitumor protection in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Host Defense: Mechanisms, Pathogen Interactions, and Therapeutic Potential.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- PKM2: A gatekeeper in macrophage metabolic reprogramming.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Spatial architecture of immunometabolism: Mitochondrial‑organelle interfaces in immune signaling (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Research on Sepsis and Metabolic Reprogramming from 1998 to 2025: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in innate immune cell plasticity within the tumor microenvironment.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
493 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Induction of trained immunity (innate immune memory) is mediated by activation of immune and metabolic pathways that result in epigenetic rewiring of cellular functional programs. Through network-level integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data, we identify glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the cholesterol synthesis pathway as indispensable for the induction of trained immunity by β-glucan in monocytes. Accumulation of fumarate, due to glutamine replenishment of the TCA cycle, integrates immune and metabolic circuits to induce monocyte epigenetic reprogramming by inhibiting KDM5 histone demethylases. Furthermore, fumarate itself induced an epigenetic program similar to β-glucan-induced trained immunity. In line with this, inhibition of glutaminolysis and cholesterol synthesis in mice reduced the induction of trained immunity by β-glucan. Identification of the metabolic pathways leading to induction of trained immunity contributes to our understanding of innate immune memory and opens new therapeutic avenues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.