Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27866355›Full record

ArticleAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorders2017

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.

John Fayyad, Nancy A Sampson, Irving Hwang, Tomasz Adamowski, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Laura H S G Andrade, Guilherme Borges, Giovanni de Girolamo, Silvia Florescu and 16 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 332 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
332citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

332 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024
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  9. Effectiveness ofPsychological medicine · 2026
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272 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

John FayyadInstitute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon. jfayyad@idraac.org.
Nancy A SampsonDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Irving HwangDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tomasz AdamowskiDepartment of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Sergio Aguilar-GaxiolaCenter for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Ali Al-HamzawiCollege of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya Governorate, Iraq.
Laura H S G AndradeSection of Psychiatric Epidemiology-LIM 23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
Guilherme BorgesInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
Giovanni de GirolamoIRCCS St John of God Clinical Research Centre/IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
Silvia FlorescuNational School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania.
Oye GurejeDepartment of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Josep Maria HaroParc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Chiyi HuShenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen, China.
Elie G KaramInstitute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.
Sing LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
Fernando Navarro-MateuIMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia, Subdirección General de Salud Mental y Asistencia Psiquiátrica, Servicio Murciano de Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
Siobhan O'NeillSchool of Psychology, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK.
Beth-Ellen PennellInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Marina PiazzaNational Institute of Health, Lima, Peru.
José Posada-VillaEl Bosque University, Bogota, Colombia.
Margreet Ten HaveTrimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Yolanda TorresCenter for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.
Miguel XavierChronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Alan M ZaslavskyDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ronald C KesslerDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Funding

West Virginia IDEA-CTRU54GM104942 · NIGMS · WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY · PI Sally Lynn Hodder · 2012 to 2026
$81.0M
EPIDEMIOLOGY-- NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATIONU01MH060220 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2010
$18.7M
Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
Lebanon-Epidemiology: The NCS Replication StudyR03TW006481 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2004 to 2006
$142k
FIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH060220
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.

Indexed as

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersHealth SurveysWorld Health OrganizationAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityComorbidityDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesFemaleHumansIncomeMaleMental DisordersPatient Acceptance of Health CarePrevalenceADHDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderComorbidityDisability epidemiologyImpairmentPrevalenceTreatment

Identifiers

PMID27866355
PMCPMC5325787

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.